Archives des mots-clés : Science communication

Les podcasts de sciences en SHS et STS. Formes expressives, objectifs et acteurs

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Auteure/Author : Clara Perissat

Ce mémoire traite des podcasts comme un genre à part entière. En effet, le podcast est un média en vogue ces dernières années. L’accessibilité des nouvelles technologies et des plateformes de diffusion ainsi que la forme intimiste du podcast font que de plus en plus de monde, professionnels ou non, s’approprie ce nouvel outil. Il est ainsi possible de trouver des podcasts sur des sujets très divers allant de la science à la politique en passant par l’érotisme ou le militantisme.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux podcasts de vulgarisation scientifique en sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) et en sciences et technologie santé (STS). L’intérêt a été porté sur les différences existantes entre les podcasts de SHS et les podcasts de STS à travers la problématique suivante : Les podcasts de sciences en SHS et STS ont-ils les mêmes formes expressives, les mêmes objectifs et les mêmes acteurs ?

Le développement de ce mémoire, s’est basé sur un corpus de huit podcasts, quatre podcasts de vulgarisation en Histoire et quatre podcasts de vulgarisation en santé. De nombreux podcasts étrangers traitent d’une discipline des STS alors qu’en France les podcasts ne sont pas spécialisés, un véritable manque de podcasts de STS français spécialisés dans une discipline a ainsi été observé.

Au contraire, les podcasts d’histoire sont très nombreux et révèlent l’engouement de cette discipline pour les français. Cela amené l’étude à s’intéresser à des podcasts de santé traitant parfois de sujets peu scientifiques comme le développement personnel. La question des créateurs et de la légitimité sont ainsi évoquées dans cette étude.

L’analyse des deux types de podcasts de science révèle qu’ils ont un enjeu similaire de prime abord : vulgariser leur discipline et diffuser des connaissances de manière informelle. En revanche, leur deuxième enjeu diffère. Les créateurs de podcasts d’histoire ont tendance a vouloir montrer la recherche en train de se faire, les nouvelles réflexions des chercheurs et de mettre ces derniers en valeur.

Les créateurs de podcasts de santé ont, quant à eux, tendance à vouloir faire agir leurs auditeurs grâce à des podcasts de conseils. La deuxième partie de l’analyse portent sur les méthodes différentes pour diffuser des connaissances. Les podcasts d’histoire se servent d’avantage des codes du roman pour transmettre du savoir.

Le récit, l’emploi d’un personnage principal, d’un narrateur, ou d’atmosphères travaillées servent à donner à l’auditeur l’impression qu’une histoire lui est racontée. De plus les outils de vulgarisation sont le plus souvent implicites, ce qui permet une diffusion non formelle des connaissances.

Au contraire, les podcasts de santé s’appuient sur de nombreux outils de vulgarisation explicites comme les synthèses, définitions, résumés et références scientifiques. Ils ne suivent pas les codes du roman et ont tendance à utiliser une écriture assez scolaire.

URL : https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-03472403

Scientific research in news media: a case study of misrepresentation, sensationalism and harmful recommendations

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Authors : Georgia Dempster, Georgina Sutherland, Louise Keogh

Accurate news media reporting of scientific research is important as most people receive their health information from the media and inaccuracies in media reporting can have adverse health outcomes.

We completed a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a journal article, the corresponding press release and the online news reporting of a scientific study.

Four themes were identified in the press release that were directly translated to the news reports that contributed to inaccuracies: sensationalism, misrepresentation, clinical recommendations and subjectivity.

The pressures on journalists, scientists and their institutions has led to a mutually beneficial relationship between these actors that can prioritise newsworthiness ahead of scientific integrity to the detriment of public health.

URL : Scientific research in news media: a case study of misrepresentation, sensationalism and harmful recommendations

DOI : https://doi.org/10.22323/2.21010206

Follow the scientists? How beliefs about the practice of science shaped COVID-19 views

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Authors : Thomas G. Safford, Emily H. Whitmore, Lawrence C. Hamilton

“Follow the science” became the mantra for responding to COVID-19 pandemic. However, for the public this also meant “follow the scientists”, and this led to uneasiness as some viewed scientists as not credible.

We investigate how beliefs about the way scientists develop their findings affect pandemic-related views. Our analysis shows that beliefs about scientists’ objectivity predict views regrading coronavirus-related risks, behavioral changes, and policy priorities.

While political party identity also predicts views about COVID-19-related concerns, these vary by political leaders whose approaches embraced versus dismissed science-based strategies, highlighting the importance of perceptions of scientists in shaping pandemic-related attitudes and beliefs.

URL: Follow the scientists? How beliefs about the practice of science shaped COVID-19 views

DOI : https://doi.org/10.22323/2.20070203

Communication Research, the Geopolitics of Knowledge and Publishing in High-Impact Journals: The Chronicle of a Commodification Process Foretold

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Authors : Víctor Manuel Marí Sáez, Clara Martins do Nascimento

The reforms in higher education that have been introduced on a global scale in recent years have gone hand in glove with the progressive imposition of scientific journal impact factors, all of which points to the rise of academic capitalism and digital labour in universities that is increasingly subject to the logic of the market.

A diachronic analysis of this process allows for talking about, paraphrasing Gabriel García Márquez, the chronicle of a commodification process foretold. More than twenty years ago it was clear what was going to happen, but not how it was going to unfold.

Accordingly, this article reconstructs that process, comparing the Spanish case with global trends and highlighting the crucial role that governmental agencies like the National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation and specific evaluation tools like the publication of scientific papers in high-impact journals have played in it.

In this analysis, Wallerstein’s core-periphery relations and the concept of commodity fetishism, as addressed by Walter Benjamin, prove to be especially useful. The main research question posed in this article is as follows: What does the process of the commodification of communication research look like in Spain?

URL : Communication Research, the Geopolitics of Knowledge and Publishing in High-Impact Journals: The Chronicle of a Commodification Process Foretold

DOI : https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v19i2.1258

Total SciComm: A Strategy for Communicating Open Science

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Authors : Manh-Toan Ho, Manh-Tung Ho, Quan-Hoang Vuong

This paper seeks to introduce a strategy of science communication: Total SciComm or all-out science communication. We proposed that to maximize the outreach and impact, scientists should use different media to communicate different aspects of science, from core ideas to methods.

The paper uses an example of a debate surrounding a now-retracted article in the Nature journal, in which open data, preprints, social media, and blogs are being used for a meaningful scientific conversation.

The case embodied the central idea of Total SciComm: the scientific community employs every medium to communicate scientific ideas and engages all scientists in the process.

URL : Total SciComm: A Strategy for Communicating Open Science

DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9030031

Bringing Policymakers to Science Through Communication: A Perspective From Latin America

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Authors : Marta Pulido-Salgado, Fátima Antonethe Castaneda Mena

Scientific knowledge should be shared beyond academic circles in order to promote science in policymaking. Science communication increases the understanding of how the natural world works and the capacity to make informed decisions.

However, not every researcher has the ability to master the art of communicating, and even less in a clear, concise, and easy to understand language that society representatives appreciate.

Within the huge and extraordinarily diverse Latin American region, science communication has been going on for at least 200 years, when the first science stories appeared in the newspapers, as well as the first science museums and botanical gardens were founded.

Nevertheless, resources are limited, and notably time, which researchers spend mostly in mentoring, ensuring funding, publication of their results and laboratory work, while science journalists are an endangered species.

This perspective article aims at providing some recommendations to build bridges between science and decision-making parties through communication, by exploring how Latin American diplomats and policymakers engage with scientific knowledge.

URL : Bringing Policymakers to Science Through Communication: A Perspective From Latin America

DOI : https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2021.654191

Science communicators intimidated: researchers’ freedom of expression and the rise of authoritarian populism

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Authors : Esa Valiverronen, Sampsa Saikkonen

In this article, we explore scientists’ freedom of expression in the context of authoritarian populism. Our particular case for this analysis is Finland, where the right-wing populist Finns Party entered the government for the first time in 2015.

More recently, after leaving the government in 2017, the party has been the most popular party in opinion polls in 2021. We illustrate the current threats to Finnish researchers’ freedom of expression using their responses on three surveys, made in 2015, 2017 and 2019. We focus on politically motivated disparagement of scientists and experts, and the scientists’ experiences with online hate and aggressive feedback.

Further, we relate these findings to the recent studies on authoritarian populism and science-related populism. We argue that this development may affect researchers’ readiness to communicate their research and expertise in public.

URL : Science communicators intimidated: researchers’ freedom of expression and the rise of authoritarian populism

DOI : https://doi.org/10.22323/2.20040208