Academic Integrity and Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education (HE) Contexts: A Rapid Scoping Review

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Authors : Beatriz Antonieta Moya, Sarah Elaine Eaton, Helen Pethrick, K. Alix Hayden, Robert Brennan, Jason Wiens, Brenda McDermott

Artificial Intelligence (AI) developments challenge higher education institutions’ teaching, learning, assessment, and research practices. To contribute timely and evidence-based recommendations for upholding academic integrity, we conducted a rapid scoping review focusing on what is known about academic integrity and AI in higher education. We followed the Updated Reviewer Manual for Scoping Reviews from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting standards.

Five databases were searched, and the eligibility criteria included higher education stakeholders of any age and gender engaged with AI in the context of academic integrity from 2007 through November 2022 and available in English. The search retrieved 2223 records, of which 14 publications with mixed methods, qualitative, quantitative, randomized controlled trials, and text and opinion studies met the inclusion criteria. The results showed bounded and unbounded ethical implications of AI.

Perspectives included: AI for cheating; AI as legitimate support; an equity, diversity, and inclusion lens into AI; and emerging recommendations to tackle AI implications in higher education. The evidence from the sources provides guidance that can inform educational stakeholders in decision-making processes for AI integration, in the analysis of misconduct cases involving AI, and in the exploration of AI as legitimate assistance. Likewise, this rapid scoping review signals key questions for future research, which we explore in our discussion.

URL : Academic Integrity and Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education (HE) Contexts: A Rapid Scoping Review

DOI : https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/cpai.v7i3.78123

L’accessibilité numérique, une approche éthique en bibliothèque ? Une responsabilité à interroger : Enjeux, effets et intérêts pour les professionnels et les institutions

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Autrice/Author : Elisabeth Von Samson

L’accessibilité numérique (AN), norme obligatoire, depuis 2009, pour les bibliothèques modifie la conception des interfaces des espaces documentaires numériques. Les institutions des bibliothèques tentent de réfléchir aux évolutions à apporter dans le parcours des usagers.

La mission d’« égalité d’accès pour tous » des bibliothèques , conduit à questionner la dimension éthique qu’engage l’AN — recherche du bien-être d’autrui — pour les bibliothécaires (leurs manières d’agir). L’article cherche à étudier ce qui donne du sens à la mise en place de cette norme.

Il est question d’interroger l’éthique de l’AN des espaces documentaires, ses enjeux définitionnels, ses effets auprès des professionnels et ses intérêts pour l’institution.

URL : L’accessibilité numérique, une approche éthique en bibliothèque ? Une responsabilité à interroger : Enjeux, effets et intérêts pour les professionnels et les institutions

DOI : https://doi.org/10.25965/interfaces-numeriques.5274

L’édition scientifique en France : de la censure à l’ouverture : révolutions politiques, commerciales, technologiques… et autres problèmes éthiques

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Autrice/Author : Lise Verlaet

A travers une analyse systémique de l’édition scientifique en France – et plus particulièrement via une étude des contextes historiques, socio-économiques et politique – cet article soulève les problématiques éthiques qui ont jalonné la construction de l’écosystème scientifique et l’exploitation des produits de la recherche, et livre une réflexion sur les défis éthiques liés à la mise en place depuis 2018 de la politique de la Science Ouverte mais aussi des conséquences directes que cela va avoir sur les pratiques des chercheurs.

URL : L’édition scientifique en France : de la censure à l’ouverture : révolutions politiques, commerciales, technologiques… et autres problèmes éthiques

DOI : https://doi.org/10.25965/interfaces-numeriques.5262

La gouvernance des données en contexte universitaire : proposition d’un modèle de maturité

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Auteur.ices/Authors : Ugo Verdi, Nathalie Pinède, Guy Melançon

Dans le contexte d’une production très rapide des données, la question de leur gouvernance traverse l’ensemble des organisations. Si cette problématique a été principalement étudiée dans un contexte entrepreneurial où une gestion optimale des données sert en priorité des objectifs économiques, elle a moins fait l’objet d’une étude dans un cadre universitaire.

Cet article propose ici un modèle de maturité pour permettre aux universités de disposer d’un outil concourant d’une part à identifier et analyser les mécanismes de la gouvernance des données et, d’autre part, à évaluer le niveau d’implication des acteurs et de l’organisation.

Bien qu’adapté à un contexte local particulier, à savoir les projets ACT de l’université de Bordeaux, il a pour vocation d’être adaptable à d’autres contextes universitaires.

HAL : https://hal.science/hal-04585975

Challenges and strategies for open access in South Africa: A knowledge management approach

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Authors : Kwame Kodua-Ntim, Madelein Fombad

This paper explores the challenges of open access in South Africa and draws from knowledge management concepts and principles to suggest strategies to enhance open access. A comprehensive analysis of the existing literature was undertaken to address these challenges.

A systematic review was undertaken to address the obstacles associated with open access using a well-defined search protocol. Some of the challenges were limited funding, inequality in access to technology, limited awareness, resistance from publishers, copyright issues, and lack of infrastructure.

The article suggests that knowledge management initiatives such as knowledge awareness of open access, knowledge sharing, leadership, rewards and incentives, and a positive culture will enhance open access.

URL : Challenges and strategies for open access in South Africa: A knowledge management approach

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669241257188

Scientific discourse on YouTube: Motivations for citing research in comments

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Authors : Sören Striewski, Olga Zagovora, Isabella Peters

YouTube is a valuable source of user-generated content on a wide range of topics, and it encourages user participation through the use of a comment system. Video content is increasingly addressing scientific topics, and there is evidence that both academics and consumers use video descriptions and video comments to refer to academic research and scientific publications.

Because commenting is a discursive behavior, this study will provide insights on why individuals post links to research publications in comments. For this, a qualitative content analysis and iterative coding approach were applied. Furthermore, the reasons for mentioning academic publications in comments were contrasted with the reasons for citing in scholarly works and with reasons for commenting on YouTube.

We discovered that the primary motives for sharing research links were (1) providing more insights into the topic and (2) challenging information offered by other commentators.

Arxiv : https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.12798

Enabling preprint discovery, evaluation, and analysis with Europe PMC

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Authors : Mariia Levchenko, Michael Parkin, Johanna McEntyre, Melissa Harrison

Preprints provide an indispensable tool for rapid and open communication of early research findings. Preprints can also be revised and improved based on scientific commentary uncoupled from journal-organised peer review. The uptake of preprints in the life sciences has increased significantly in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when immediate access to research findings became crucial to address the global health emergency.

With ongoing expansion of new preprint servers, improving discoverability of preprints is a necessary step to facilitate wider sharing of the science reported in preprints. To address the challenges of preprint visibility and reuse, Europe PMC, an open database of life science literature, began indexing preprint abstracts and metadata from several platforms in July 2018. Since then, Europe PMC has continued to increase coverage through addition of new servers, and expanded its preprint initiative to include the full text of preprints related to COVID-19 in July 2020 and then the full text of preprints supported by the Europe PMC funder consortium in April 2022.

The preprint collection can be searched via the website and programmatically, with abstracts and the open access full text of COVID-19 and Europe PMC funder preprint subsets available for bulk download in a standard machine-readable JATS XML format. This enables automated information extraction for large-scale analyses of the preprint corpus, accelerating scientific research of the preprint literature itself.

This publication describes steps taken to build trust, improve discoverability, and support reuse of life science preprints in Europe PMC. Here we discuss the benefits of indexing preprints alongside peer-reviewed publications, and challenges associated with this process.

URL : Enabling preprint discovery, evaluation, and analysis with Europe PMC

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.19.590240