EN

Post-publication peer review in biomedical journals: overcoming obstacles and disincentives to knowledge sharing

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Authors : Valerie Matarese, Karen Shashok

The importance of post-publication peer review (PPPR) as a type of knowledge exchange has been emphasized by several authorities in research publishing, yet biomedical journals do not always facilitate this type of publication.

Here we report our experience publishing a commentary intended to offer constructive feedback on a previously published article. We found that publishing our comment required more time and effort than foreseen, because of obstacles encountered at some journals.

Using our professional experience as authors’ editors and our knowledge of publication policies as a starting point, we reflect on the probable reasons behind these obstacles, and suggest ways in which journals could make PPPR easier. In addition, we argue that PPPR should be more explicitly valued and rewarded in biomedical disciplines, and suggest how these publications could be included in research evaluations.

Eliminating obstacles and disincentives to PPPR is essential in light of the key roles of post-publication analysis and commentary in drawing attention to shortcomings in published articles that were overlooked during pre-publication peer review.

URL : Post-publication peer review in biomedical journals: overcoming obstacles and disincentives to knowledge sharing

DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.31229/osf.io/8kxyz

EN

The Open Revolution : Rewriting the rules of the information age

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Author : Rufus Pollock

Forget everything you think you know about the digital age. It’s not about privacy, surveillance, AI or blockchain—it’s about ownership. Because, in a digital age, who owns information controls the future.

In this urgent and provocative book, Rufus Pollock shows how today’s « Closed » digital economy is the source of problems ranging from growing inequality, to unaffordable medicines, to the power of a handful of tech monopolies to control how we think and vote.

He proposes a solution that charts a path to a more equitable, innovative and profitable future for all.

URL : The Open Revolution : Rewriting the rules of the information age

Alternative location : https://openrevolution.net/

EN

The Impact of Open Educational Resources on Various Student Success Metrics

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Authors : Nicholas Colvard, C. Edward Watson, Hyojin Park

There are multiple indicators which suggest that completion, quality, and affordability are the three greatest challenges for higher education today in terms of students, student learning, and student success.

Many colleges, universities, and state systems are seeking to adopt a portfolio of solutions that address these challenges. This article reports the results of a large-scale study (21,822 students) regarding the impact of course-level faculty adoption of Open Educational Resources (OER).

Results indicate that OER adoption does much more than simply save students money and address student debt concerns. OER improve end-of-course grades and decrease DFW (D, F, and Withdrawal letter grades) rates for all students.

They also improve course grades at greater rates and decrease DFW rates at greater rates for Pell recipient students, part-time students, and populations historically underserved by higher education.

OER address affordability, completion, attainment gap concerns, and learning. These findings contribute to a broadening perception of the value of OERs and their relevance to the great challenges facing higher education today.

URL : The Impact of Open Educational Resources on Various Student Success Metrics

Alternative location : http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/abstract.cfm?mid=3386

EN

Reviewing the review process: Investigation of researchers’ opinions on different methods of peer review

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Author : Carolin Anna Rebernig

Peer review is considered the gold standard of scientific publishing. Trust in the traditional system of editor – blind-reviewer – author is still high, but it’s authority is in decline and alternative methods are on the rise.

The current study investigates opinions of alternative peer review methods, the arguments for and against, and the reasons why academics are searching for new approaches. The opinions were analysed by applying qualitative content analysis to online discussions.

The findings were interpreted using two different sociological theories: the Mertonian sociology of science and social constructivism.

The results of the study show that the most discussed method was also the most traditional one: closed pre-publication peer review comprised of single blind, double-blind and open peer review (non blinded).

Discussions of open peer review (both open publishing of reports and open discussions) were also common. All other alternative methods were discussed much less. But the discussions were lively and each method was discussed in both positive and negative terms.

The reasons for preferring certain methods were also manifold, but dominant topics were bias and fairness, quality issues (regarding reviews and publications), issues concerning human resources and communication and exchange among people.

The results of this study demonstrate that while ethical norms seems to be a scientific ideal, human nature makes it impossible to accomplish this goal.

URN : http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Ahb%3Adiva-14607

EN

Use of Twitter in Spanish Communication Journals

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Authors : Victoria Tur-Viñes, Jesús Segarra-Saavedra, Tatiana Hidalgo-Marí

This is an exploratory study on the Twitter profiles managed by 30 Spanish Communication journals. The aim is to analyse the profile management, to identify the features of the most interactive content, and to propose effective practices motivating strategic management.

The management variables considered were the following: the launch date of the journal and launch of the Twitter profile; published content and frequency of publication; number of publications in 2016; number of Twitter followers.

The identification of the features of the most interactive tweets was performed in a 150-unit sample, taking into consideration the following factors: the number of retweets, likes, type of content (motivation), components forming the content, the date and time of publication, and origin of the publication (internal or unrelated).

The results reveal notable practices and certain deficiencies in the strategic management of social profiles. Twitter represents an innovative opportunity in scientific dissemination, and it establishes an inalienable strategy for creating and maintaining the brand-journal while retaining the need to strengthen followers’ reciprocity. Other potential uses are suggested.

URL : Use of Twitter in Spanish Communication Journals

Alternative location : http://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/6/3/34

FR

Vers une culture de la donnée en SHS : Une étude à l’Université de Lille

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Auteur/Author : Joachim Schöpfel

La science ouverte figure parmi les priorités de l’Etat français. Dans la continuité des chantiers engagés par le gouvernement français sur la transformation numérique de l’Etat et sa modernisation, le deuxième plan d’action national 2018-2020 « Pour une action publique transparente et collaborative » précise que la France « soutient la mise en œuvre des principes du gouvernement ouvert pour renforcer (…) l’accès aux matériaux et résultats de la recherche ».

Le plan national pour la science ouverte, présenté début juillet 2018, a confirmé cette ambition. L’objectif est que les données produites par la recherche publique soient progressivement structurées en conformité avec les principes FAIR, préservées et, quand cela est possible, ouvertes.

Notre étude « Vers une culture de la donnée en SHS » souhaite contribuer à la mise en œuvre de l’écosystème de la science ouverte sur le terrain d’un campus universitaire.

L’étude a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet structurant D4Humanities, avec un financement de la MESHS et du Conseil Régional Hauts-de-France, et elle fait suite à des travaux de recherche menés depuis 2013 par le laboratoire GERiiCO.

Conduite sous forme d’entretiens avec 51 chercheurs, doctorants, responsables de laboratoires, chefs de projets et ingénieurs en charge de données, l’étude poursuit trois objectifs :

  1. (Re)Mettre les enseignants-chercheurs au cœur de la mise en œuvre de l’écosystème de la science ouverte sur le campus, avec leurs besoins, priorités et interrogations.
  2. Identifier des opportunités et verrous pour une politique de données.
  3. Recommander dix actions à mettre en place pour développer la culture de données sur le campus.

Menée comme un audit sur un terrain particulier et dans le domaine des sciences humaines et sociales, l’étude a une portée pragmatique: dégager les éléments indispensables pour une politique cohérente de la production, gestion et réutilisation des données de la recherche sur un campus en sciences humaines et sociales, et contribuer ainsi à l’appropriation du concept de la science ouverte par une « mise en culture de la donnée, qui effectue une mise en sens d’usages disséminés et spécialisés de données ouvertes ».

Une première partie (« Constats préalables ») s’appuie sur deux études (Rennes 2, Lille 3) pour mieux cerner le concept de la donnée de recherche et son caractère de « longue traîne » ; cette partie synthétise les pratiques, motivations et attentes des enseignants-chercheurs dans ce domaine, en SHS.

Elle aborde également d’une manière générale la question des services et dispositifs de données. Une deuxième partie (« Observations ») décrit un paysage contrasté à partir des entretiens menés en 2017 et 2018 sur le campus SHS de l’Université de Lille.

Les besoins prioritaires des chercheurs sont la sécurité des données et systèmes, et la communication au sein des projets. L’image qui se dégage est un continuum de pratiques plus ou moins efficaces, formalisées et adéquates, avec une gouvernance parfois incertaine, au niveau des projets aussi bien qu’au niveau des structures.

Ces pratiques sont liées aux communautés disciplinaires mais plus encore, aux méthodes, équipements et thématiques scientifiques. La troisième partie (« Vers une culture de la donnée ») liste d’une manière succincte dix recommandations qui, ensemble, définissent un cadre de référence pour la mise en œuvre d’une politique de données sur un campus SHS :

  1. Mettre en place un pilotage scientifique
  2. Investir d’une manière ciblée
  3. Viser les projets, pas les laboratoires
  4. Utiliser les plans de gestion comme levier
  5. Apporter des réponses aux contraintes de sécurité
  6. Apporter des réponses aux besoins de communication
  7. Apporter des réponses aux besoins de curation
  8. Proposer plusieurs solutions pour la conservation des données
  9. Institutionnaliser le lien avec la TGIR Huma-Num
  10. Soutenir les bonnes pratiques

URL : Vers une culture de la donnée en SHS : Une étude à l’Université de Lille

Alternative location : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/GERIICO/hal-01846849v1

EN

Universalizing science: alternative indices to direct research

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Authors : Ari Melo Mariano, Maíra Rocha Santos

Measurement is a complicated but very necessary task. Many indices have been created in an effort to define the quality of knowledge produced but they have attracted strong criticism, having become synonymous with individualism, competition and mere productivity and, furthermore, they fail to head science towards addressing local demands or towards producing international knowledge by means of collaboration.

Institutions, countries, publishers, governments and authors have a latent need to create quality and productivity indices because they can serve as filters that influence far-reaching decision making and even decisions on the professional promotion of university teachers.

Even so, in the present-day context, the very creators of those indices admit that they were not designed for that purpose, given that different research areas, the age of the researcher, the country and the language spoken all have an influence on the index calculations.

Accordingly, this research sets out three indices designed to head science towards its universal objective by valuing collaboration and the dissemination of knowledge.

It is hoped that the proposed indices may provoke new discussions and the proposal of new, more assertive indicators for the analysis of scientific research quality.

URL : https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.07595