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Mots-clefs: open data Afficher/masquer les discussions | Raccourcis clavier

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  Hans Dillaerts le 8 December 2012 à 15 h 15 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: data mining ( 2 ), open data, Semantic Web ( 5 )   

  Le mouvement  » Open Data  » dans la grande transformation des intelligences collectives et face à la question des écritures, du web sémantique et des ontologies :

  « Le capitalisme cognitif a deux caractéristiques principales, l’intelligence collective et l’utilisation intensive des technologies de l’information, fondées sur la numérisation du contenu, des procédures et des écritures. Dans cet article, nous essayons d’examiner le mouvement Open Data face à la transformation des intelligences collectives et analysons ce processus dans le cadre de l’action publique, de la science, de l’intelligence logicielle, de la stratégie. Nous montrons comment ce mouvement s’articule avec la question du web sémantique, des ontologies, avec la montée de l’algorithmique. Dans ce cadre, l’émergence du  » data mining » se présente comme « récit impérial », comme le récit des sociétés performatives. S’ouvre également la possibilité de nouveaux modes de gouvernance, l’émergence de nouvelles façons de penser le politique et l’espace public. »

  « Cognitive capitalism has two main characteristics, collective intelligence and the intensive use of information technology, based on the digitization of content, procedures and writings. In this paper, we try to examine the Open Data movement faced with the transformation of collective intelligence. We analyze this process in the context of public policy, science, intelligence software. We show how this movement articulates with the issue of semantic web ontologies and with the rise of algorithmic. We emphasize, indirectly but strong, on the emergence of « data mining » as « imperial narrative, » as the story of performative societies in the context of anthropological stratum Internet. We outline the possibility of new modes of governance and the emergence of new ways of thinking about politics and public space. The future of democratic societies is partly at stake. »

  URL : http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic_00759618

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 8 November 2012 à 19 h 12 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: case study ( 44 ), open data   

  La politique d’accès aux documents publics : étude comparative entre les États-Unis, la France et le Royaume-Uni :

  « Cette étude comparative sur la politique d’accès aux documents publics explore la littérature afin de comprendre comment l’usage des TIC, associé aux réformes politiques, a une incidence sur la vie politique. Nos recherches, placées dans une perspective historique, ont permis de retracer les principaux changements dans chaque pays étudiés et de faire ressortir les actions les plus significatives en faveur de plus de transparence, de plus de responsabilité reddition de compte. Il en ressort que le pays le plus en avance dans la mise à disposition des données publiques et la sollicitation citoyenne est le Royaume-Uni, suivi par les Etats-Unis. En France, ces initiatives sont encore à l’état de projet ou à leurs premiers balbutiements. »

  URL : http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic_00747275

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 19 April 2012 à 14 h 24 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: open data, open government ( 3 ), public sector information ( 5 )   

  Access to Information Civil Society and Private Sector Perspectives :
  

  ogp2012 on livestream.com. Broadcast Live Free

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 9 April 2012 à 20 h 12 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: open data, open data policies ( 3 ), UK ( 9 )   

  Being Open About Data : Analysis of the UK open data policies and applicability of open data :

  « This paper presents an analysis of the recent UK open-data policies and draws an argument on how governments can sustainably promote the development and use of open data. Moreover, research contributes to the ongoing discussion on the normative values of openness by presenting a conceptual analysis of open data as an integral part of the freedom-of-information continuum. »

  URL : http://www.finnish-institute.org.uk/images/stories/pdf2012/being%20open%20about%20data.pdf

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 8 March 2012 à 14 h 14 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: adaptability, e-government, executive branch, government 2.0, Internet ( 13 ), open data, open government ( 3 ), transparency ( 3 )   

  The New Ambiguity of ‘Open Government’ :

  « “Open government” used to carry a hard political edge: it referred to politically sensitive disclosures of government information. The phrase was first used in the 1950s, in the debates leading up to passage of the Freedom of Information Act. But over the last few years, that traditional meaning has blurred, and has shifted toward technology.

  Open technologies involve sharing data over the Internet, and all kinds of governments can use them, for all kinds of reasons. Recent public policies have stretched the label “open government” to reach any public sector use of these technologies. Thus, “open government data” might refer to data that makes the government as a whole more open (that is, more transparent), but might equally well refer to politically neutral public sector disclosures that are easy to reuse, but that may have nothing to do with public accountability. Today a regime can call itself “open” if it builds the right kind of web site — even if it does not become more accountable or transparent. This shift in vocabulary makes it harder for policymakers and activists to articulate clear priorities and make cogent demands.

  This essay proposes a more useful way for participants on all sides to frame the debate: We separate the politics of open government from the technologies of open data. Technology can make public information more adaptable, empowering third parties to contribute in exciting new ways across many aspects of civic life. But technological enhancements will not resolve debates about the best priorities for civic life, and enhancements to government services are no substitute for public accountability. »

  URL : http://ssrn.com/abstract=2012489

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 1 January 2012 à 12 h 15 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: data sharing ( 14 ), knowledge sharing ( 17 ), open data, research data ( 21 ), scientific data ( 28 )   

  Willingness to Share Research Data Is Related to the Strength of the Evidence and the Quality of Reporting of Statistical Results :

  « Background : The widespread reluctance to share published research data is often hypothesized to be due to the authors’ fear that reanalysis may expose errors in their work or may produce conclusions that contradict their own. However, these hypotheses have not previously been studied systematically.

  Methods and Findings : We related the reluctance to share research data for reanalysis to 1148 statistically significant results reported in 49 papers published in two major psychology journals. We found the reluctance to share data to be associated with weaker evidence (against the null hypothesis of no effect) and a higher prevalence of apparent errors in the reporting of statistical results. The unwillingness to share data was particularly clear when reporting errors had a bearing on statistical significance.

  Conclusions : Our findings on the basis of psychological papers suggest that statistical results are particularly hard to verify when reanalysis is more likely to lead to contrasting conclusions. This highlights the importance of establishing mandatory data archiving policies. »

  URL : http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0026828
  doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026828

  

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  Hans Dillaerts le 30 November 2011 à 18 h 43 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: Innovation ( 7 ), open access ( 564 ), open access benefits ( 7 ), open access innovation ( 3 ), open data, public sector information ( 5 ), scientific data ( 28 )   

  Costs and Benefits of Data Provision :

  « Over the last decade there has been increasing awareness of the potential benefits of more open access to Public Sector Information (PSI) and the findings of publicly funded research. That awareness is based on economic principles and evidence, and it finds expression in policy at institutional, national and international levels.

  Public Sector Information (PSI) policies seek to optimise innovation by making data available for use and re-use with minimal barriers in the form of cost or inconvenience. They place three responsibilities on publicly funded agencies: (i) to arrange stewardship and curation of their data; (ii) to make their data readily discoverable and available for use and re-use with minimal restrictions; and (iii) to forgo fees wherever practical.

  This report presents case studies exploring the costs and benefits that PSI producing agencies and their users experience in making information freely available, and preliminary estimates of the wider economic impacts of open access to PSI. In doing so, it outlines a possibly method for cost-benefit analysis at the agency level and explores the data requirements for such an analysis – recognising that few agencies will have all of the data required. »

  URL : http://ands.org.au/resource/houghton-cost-benefit-study.pdf

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 17 November 2011 à 9 h 15 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: citation impact ( 3 ), citations ( 17 ), data sharing ( 14 ), open data, scientific data ( 28 )   

  Linking to Data – Effect on Citation Rates in Astronomy :

  « Is there a difference in citation rates between articles that were published with links to data and articles that were not? Besides being interesting from a purely academic point of view, this question is also highly relevant for the process of furthering science. Data sharing not only helps the process of verification of claims, but also the discovery of new findings in archival data. However, linking to data still is a far cry away from being a « practice », especially where it comes to authors providing these links during the writing and submission process. You need to have both a willingness and a publication mechanism in order to create such a practice. Showing that articles with links to data get higher citation rates might increase the willingness of scientists to take the extra steps of linking data sources to their publications. In this presentation we will show this is indeed the case: articles with links to data result in higher citation rates than articles without such links. The ADS is funded by NASA Grant NNX09AB39G. »

  URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.3618

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 15 November 2011 à 21 h 52 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: accountability, open data, open government data ( 3 )   

  Not with a Bang but a Whimper: The Politics of Accountability and Open Data in the UK :

  « Can the pro-active release of raw datasets by the government lead to more participatory democracy and government accountability? This paper explores the limits of what is possible through open government data by examining the UK government’s recent release of historic data in its COINS database of public expenditure. The paper begins by examining the origins of the UK’s open government data policy. It shows that far, from constituting a radical departure from pre-existing practice, the use of open data as a tool of democratic consolidation is in fact the outcome of several long-term trends in British politics and administration. It then shows that these origins encouraged a limited view of the likely impact of open government data on the actual exercise of democratic accountability, one which emphasises the removal of institutional barriers to access and tends to be overly-optimistic about how widely these data are likely to be used by individual citizens. Although pro-active disclosure may make it easier for “the public” to obtain information, there are still numerous barriers to actually using it, including the technical challenge of processing the raw data itself, the expertise to understand it and the existence of opportunities to act effectively on it. Overall, the paper argues that far from encouraging direct participation, the resource requirements for using government datasets actually reinforce the importance of intermediary organisations capable of processing and interpreting them, and that a rights-based framework may not be a particularly informative way of understanding the effects of open government data on democratic practice. It also suggests that the experience of the COINS disclosure has thus far confirmed a number of key claims made by technological sceptics, including that information technology is likely to reinforce existing power relations rather than disrupting them. »

  URL : http://ssrn.com/abstract=1899790

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 15 November 2011 à 21 h 10 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: data reuse ( 10 ), open data, research data ( 21 ), state of the art ( 29 )   

  A Surfboard for Riding the Wave. Towards a four country action programme on research data :

  « The Riding the Wave report by the high level expert group on research data called for a collaborative data infrastructure that will enable researchers and other stakeholders from education, society and business to use, re-use and exploit research data to the maximum benefit of science and society. The Knowledge Exchange partners have embraced this vision and commissioned a report that translates Riding the Wave into actions for the four partner countries and beyond.

  This paper builds on this report and presents an overview of the present situation with regard to research data in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom and offers broad outlines for a possible action programme for the four countries in realising the envisaged collaborative data infrastructure. An action programme at the level of four countries will require the involvement of all stakeholders from the scientific community. »

  URL : http://knowledge-exchange.info/Default.aspx?ID=469