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  Hans Dillaerts le 18 May 2013 à 12 h 29 min Permalien | Connectez-vous pour laisser un commentaire
  Mots-clefs: case study ( 42 ), OER ( 11 ), openness ( 16 )   

  The Openness of the University of the Philippines Open University: Issues and Prospects :

  « This paper is a self-reflection on the state of openness of the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU). An exploratory and descriptive study, it aims not only to define the elements of openness of UPOU, but also to unravel the causes and solutions to the issues and concerns that limit its options to becoming a truly open university. It is based on four parameters of openness, which are widely universal in the literature, e.g., open admissions, open curricula, distance education at scale, and the co-creation, sharing and use of open educational resources (OER). It draws from the perception survey among peers, which the author conducted in UPOU in July and August 2012. It also relies on relevant secondary materials on the subject. »

  URL : http://openpraxis.org/index.php/OpenPraxis/article/view/26

  

   

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  Hans Dillaerts le 13 May 2013 à 18 h 56 min Permalien | Connectez-vous pour laisser un commentaire
  Mots-clefs: authorship ( 5 ), Order of authorship ( 2 )   

  Ethics of using language editing services in an era of digital communication and heavily multiauthored papers :

  « Scientists of many countries in which English is not the primary language routinely use a variety of manuscript preparation, correction or editing services, a practice that is openly endorsed by many journals and scientific institutions. These services vary tremendously in their scope; at one end there is simple proof-reading, and at the other extreme there is in-depth and extensive peer-reviewing, proposal preparation, statistical analyses, re-writing and co-writing. In this paper, the various types of service are reviewed, along with authorship guidelines, and the question is raised of whether the high-end services surpass most guidelines’ criteria for authorship. Three other factors are considered. First, the ease of collaboration possible in the internet era allows multiple iterations between authors and the editing service, so essentially, papers can be co-written. Second, ‘editing services’ often offer subject-specific experts who comment not only on the language, but interpret and improve scientific content. Third, the trend towards heavily multi-authored papers implies that the threshold necessary to earn authorship is declining. The inevitable conclusion is that at some point the contributions by ‘editing services’ should be deemed sufficient to warrant authorship. Trying to enforce any guidelines would likely be futile, but nevertheless, it might be time to revisit the ethics of using some of the high-end ‘editing services’. In an increasingly international job market, recognizing this problem might prove progressively more important in authorship disputes, the allocation of research grants, and hiring decisions. »

  URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.2401

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 3 May 2013 à 18 h 05 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: academic libraries ( 26 ), eScience, Libraries ( 15 ), research data ( 20 )   

  The Role of the Library in the Research Enterprise :

  « Libraries have provided services to researchers for many years. Changes in technology and new publishing models provide opportunities for libraries to be more involved in the research enterprise. Within this article, the author reviews traditional library services, briefly describes the eScience and publishing landscape as it relates to libraries, and explores possible library programs in support of research. Many of the new opportunities require new partnerships, both within the institution and externally. »

  URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.7191/jeslib.2013.1043

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 3 May 2013 à 12 h 17 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: scientific communication ( 185 ), twitter ( 4 )   

  The role of twitter in the life cycle of a scientific publication :

  « Twitter is a micro-blogging social media platform for short messages that can have a long-term impact on how scientists create and publish ideas. We investigate the usefulness of twitter in the development and distribution of scientific knowledge. At the start of the life cycle of a scientific publication, twitter provides a large virtual department of colleagues that can help to rapidly generate, share and refine new ideas. As ideas become manuscripts, twitter can be used as an informal arena for the pre-review of works in progress. Finally, tweeting published findings can communicate research to a broad audience of other researchers, decision makers, journalists and the general public that can amplify the scientific and social impact of publications. However, there are limitations, largely surrounding issues of intellectual property and ownership, inclusiveness and misrepresentations of science sound bites. Nevertheless, we believe twitter is a useful social media tool that can provide a valuable contribution to scientific publishing in the 21st century. »

  URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.0435

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 3 May 2013 à 12 h 13 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: Scopus ( 4 ), Web of Science ( 2 )   

  A Comparison between Two Main Academic Literature Collections: Web of Science and Scopus Databases :

  « Nowadays, the worlds scientific community has been publishing an enormous number of papers in different scientific fields. In such environment, it is essential to know which databases are equally efficient and objective for literature searches. It seems that two most extensive databases are Web of Science and Scopus. Besides searching the literature, these two databases used to rank journals in terms of their productivity and the total citations received to indicate the journals impact, prestige or influence. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive comparison of these databases to answer frequent questions which researchers ask, such as: How Web of Science and Scopus are different? In which aspects these two databases are similar? Or, if the researchers are forced to choose one of them, which one should they prefer? For answering these questions, these two databases will be compared based on their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. »

  URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.0377

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 2 May 2013 à 19 h 24 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: free software ( 5 ), logiciel libre ( 4 )   

  Histoires et cultures du Libre :

  « Fruit de la collaboration inédite d’auteurs provenant d’horizons disciplinaires différents, par des approches thématiques et des études de cas, cet ouvrage propose une histoire culturelle du Libre non seulement à travers l’histoire de l’informatique, mais aussi par les représentations sociales, philosophiques, juridiques et économiques qu’a cristallisées le mouvement du logiciel libre jusqu’à nos jours.
  À l’aide de multiples clés d’analyse, et sans conception partisane, ce livre dresse un tableau des bouleversements des connaissances et des techniques que ce mouvement a engendrés. Le lecteur saura trouver dans cette approche ambitieuse et prospective autant d’outils pour mieux comprendre les enjeux de l’informatique, des réseaux, des libertés numériques, ainsi que l’impact de leurs trajectoires politiques dans la société d’aujourd’hui. »

  URL : http://framabook.org/histoires-et-cultures-du-libre/

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 1 May 2013 à 15 h 00 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: big deal ( 2 )   

  Deal or No Deal? Evaluating Big Deals and Their Journals :

  « This paper presents methods to develop metrics that compare Big Deal journal packages and the journals within those packages. Deal-level metrics guide selection of a Big Deal for termination. Journal-level metrics guide selection of individual subscriptions from journals previously provided by a terminated deal. The paper argues that, while the proposed metrics provide helpful quantitative data for comparative analysis, selection of individual subscriptions must also involve informed judgment about a library’s subject coverage needs and alternative sources of access. The paper also discusses how replacing a Big Deal with a reduced number of individual subscriptions may affect the collections budget, use of other resources, and interlibrary loan. »

  URL : http://crl.acrl.org/content/74/2/178.abstract

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 28 April 2013 à 18 h 19 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: data reuse ( 10 ), data sharing ( 14 ), scientific data ( 28 ), scientific practices ( 17 )   

  Data Sharing by Scientists: Practices and Perceptions :

  « Background : Scientific research in the 21st century is more data intensive and collaborative than in the past. It is important to study the data practices of researchers – data accessibility, discovery, re-use, preservation and, particularly, data sharing. Data sharing is a valuable part of the scientific method allowing for verification of results and extending research from prior results.
  Methodology/Principal Findings : A total of 1329 scientists participated in this survey exploring current data sharing practices and perceptions of the barriers and enablers of data sharing. Scientists do not make their data electronically available to others for various reasons, including insufficient time and lack of funding. Most respondents are satisfied with their current processes for the initial and short-term parts of the data or research lifecycle (collecting their research data; searching for, describing or cataloging, analyzing, and short-term storage of their data) but are not satisfied with long-term data preservation. Many organizations do not provide support to their researchers for data management both in the short- and long-term. If certain conditions are met (such as formal citation and sharing reprints) respondents agree they are willing to share their data. There are also significant differences and approaches in data management practices based on primary funding agency, subject discipline, age, work focus, and world region.
  Conclusions/Significance : Barriers to effective data sharing and preservation are deeply rooted in the practices and culture of the research process as well as the researchers themselves. New mandates for data management plans from NSF and other federal agencies and world-wide attention to the need to share and preserve data could lead to changes. Large scale programs, such as the NSF-sponsored DataNET (including projects like DataONE) will both bring attention and resources to the issue and make it easier for scientists to apply sound data management principles. »

  URL : http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0021101

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 26 April 2013 à 19 h 00 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: electronic publishing ( 6 ), open access ( 548 ), Open peer review ( 4 ), Scholarly Publishing ( 74 ), scientific communication ( 185 )   

  The four pillars of scholarly publishing: The future and a foundation :

  « With the rise of electronic publishing and the inherent paradigm shifts for so many other scientific endeavours, it is time to consider a change in the practices of scholarly publication in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. To facilitate the speed and quality of science, the future of scholarly communication will rest on four pillars – an ecosystem of scholarly products, immediate and open access, open peer review, and full recognition for participating in the process. These four pillars enable us to build better tools to facilitate the discovery of new relevant work for individual scientists, one of the greatest challenges of our time as we cope with the current deluge of scientific information. By incorporating these principles into future publication platforms, we argue that science and society will be better served than by remaining locked into a publication formula that arose in the 1600s. It has served its purpose admirably and well, but it is time to move forward. With the rise of the Internet, scholarly publishing has embraced electronic distribution. But the tools afforded by the Internet and other advancing technologies have profound implications for scholarly communication beyond just distribution. We argue that, to best serve science, the process of scholarly communication must embrace these advances and evolve. Here we consider the current state of the process in ecology and evolutionary biology and propose directions for change. We identify four pillars for the future of scientific communication: (1) an ecosystem of scholarly products; (2) immediate and open access; (3) open peer review; and (4) full recognition for participating in the process. These four pillars will guide the development of better tools and practices for discovering and sharing scientific knowledge in a modern networked world. Things were far different when the existing system arose in the 1600s, and though it has served its purpose admirably and well, it is time to move forward. »

  URL : https://peerj.com/preprints/11/

  

   
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  Hans Dillaerts le 25 April 2013 à 19 h 05 min Permalien
  Mots-clefs: MOOC, OER ( 11 ), openness ( 16 )   

  On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction :

  « In the context of education, “open(ness)” has become the watermark for a fast growing number of learning materials and associated platforms and practices from a variety of institutions and individuals. Open Educational Resources (OER), Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC), and more recently, initiatives such as Coursera are just some of the forms this movement has embraced under the “open” banner. Yet, ongoing calls to discuss and elucidate the “meaning” and particularities of openness in education point to a lack of clarity around the concept. “Open” in education is currently mostly debated in the context of the technological developments that allowed it to emerge in its current forms. More in-depth explorations of the philosophical underpinnings are moved to the backstage. Therefore, this paper proposes a historical approach to bring clarity to the concept and unmask the tensions that have played out in the past. It will then show how this knowledge can inform current debates around different open initiatives. »

  URL : http://openpraxis.org/index.php/OpenPraxis/article/view/23