États

Catégories
Non classé

Les débats du numérique

« Le « plissement numérique » du monde est en cours et ce processus affecte les socles anthropologiques de nos sociétés. Le tissage continu, des écritures, des flux et des données, des êtres et des objets, de leurs pratiques, bref l’écologie de ces relations, de ces nouveaux territoires, ne cesse de croître sous ces conditions. Ces transformations sont loin d’être consensuelles et elles mettent en tension les agencements socio-techniques, cognitifs, économiques, environnementaux, culturels, professionnels… Cet ouvrage a pour but d’appréhender des « débats du numérique » en les éclairant de regards issus de champs disciplinaires différents.

Sont ici rassemblées des contributions de chercheurs et de praticiens analysant le passage à de nouveaux modes de gouvernance du web et des collectifs numériques, à de nouvelles économies politiques des savoirs et des « Data » : la régulation d’Internet et la complication croissante de ses infrastructures et des acteurs qui les produisent ; le renouvellement puissant des « Commons » et des intelligences collectives soutenu par le mouvement hétérogène de l’Open Data ; le web des données et la question politico-cognitive des écritures ; l’hegemon du Datamining au coeur du marketing ; la montée du Data journalisme.

De même, le déploiement récent de dispositifs socio-numériques en organisation est examiné en appelant à une mise en débat des sémio-politiques qui caractérisent le management et les modes d’existences au travail. Est également interrogé, le monde militaire, sa quête insomniaque d’efficience et de performativité. Enfin, le monde de l’art est lui aussi ébranlé par la matière numérique comme nouvelle substance d’expression. »

URL : http://books.openedition.org/pressesmines/1654

Catégories
Non classé

The NSF/NIH Effect: Surveying the Effect of Data Management Requirements on Faculty, Sponsored Programs, and Institutional Repositories

« The scholarly communication landscape is rapidly changing and nowhere is this more evident than in the field of data management. Mandates by major funding agencies, further expanded by executive order and pending legislation in 2013, require many research grant applicants to provide data management plans for preserving and making their research data openly available. However, do faculty researchers have the requisite skill sets and are their institutions providing the necessary infrastructure to comply with these mandates? To answer these questions, three groups were surveyed in 2012: research and teaching faculty, sponsored programs office staff, and institutional repository librarians. Survey results indicate that while faculty desire to share their data, they often lack the skills to do this effectively. Similarly, while repository managers and sponsored programs offices often provide the necessary infrastructure and knowledge, these resources are not being promoted effectively to faculty. The study offers important insights about services academic libraries can provide to support faculty in their data management efforts: providing tools for sharing research data; assisting with describing, finding, or accessing research data; providing information on copyright and ownership issues associated with data sets; and assisting with writing data management plans. »

URL : http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/lib_pubs/75/

Catégories
Non classé

Why Do We Still Have Journals?

« The Web has greatly reduced the barriers to entry for new journals and other platforms for communicating scientific output, and the number of journals continues to multiply. This leaves readers and authors with the daunting cognitive challenge of navigating the literature and discerning contributions that are both relevant and significant. Meanwhile, measures of journal impact that might guide the use of the literature have become more visible and consequential, leading to “impact gamesmanship” that renders the measures increasingly suspect. The incentive system created by our journals is broken. In this essay, I argue that the core technology of journals is not their distribution but their review process. The organization of the review process reflects assumptions about what a contribution is and how it should be evaluated. Through their review processes, journals can certify contributions, convene scholarly communities, and curate works that are worth reading. Different review processes thereby create incentives for different kinds of work. It’s time for a broader dialogue about how we connect the aims of the social science enterprise to our system of journals. »

URL : http://asq.sagepub.com/content/59/2/193.full

Catégories
Non classé

The Zen of Multidisciplinary Team Recommendation

« In order to accomplish complex tasks, it is often necessary to compose a team consisting of experts with diverse competencies. However, for proper functioning, it is also preferable that a team be socially cohesive. A team recommendation system, which facilitates the search for potential team members can be of great help both for (i) individuals who need to seek out collaborators and (ii) managers who need to build a team for some specific tasks.
A decision support system which readily helps summarize such metrics, and possibly rank the teams in a personalized manner according to the end users’ preferences, can be a great tool to navigate what would otherwise be an information avalanche.
In this work we present a general framework of how to compose such subsystems together to build a composite team recommendation system, and instantiate it for a case study of academic teams. »

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.0646

Catégories
Non classé

Open-access repositories worldwide, 2005-2012: Past growth, current characteristics and future possibilities

« This paper reviews the worldwide growth of open-access (OA) repositories, December 2005 to December 2012, using data collected by the OpenDOAR project. It shows that initial repository development was focused on North America, Western Europe and Australasia, particularly the USA, UK, Germany and Australia. Soon after, Japan increased its repository numbers. Since 2010, other geographical areas and countries have seen repository growth, including East Asia (especially Taiwan), South America (especially Brazil) and Eastern Europe (especially Poland). During the whole period, countries such as France, Italy and Spain have maintained steady growth, whereas countries such as China and Russia have experienced relatively low levels of growth. Globally, repositories are predominantly institutional, multidisciplinary and English-language-based. They typically use open-source OAI-compliant repository software but remain immature in terms of explicit licensing arrangements. Whilst the size of repositories is difficult to assess accurately, the available data indicate that a small number of large repositories and a large number of small repositories make up the repository landscape. These trends and characteristics are analyzed using Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) building on previous studies. IDT is shown to provide a useful explanatory framework for understanding repository adoption at various levels: global, national, organizational and individual. Major factors affecting both the initial development of repositories and their take up by users are identified, including IT infrastructure, language, cultural factors, policy initiatives, awareness-raising activity and usage mandates. It is argued that mandates in particular are likely to play a crucial role in determining future repository development. »

URL : http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/76839/

Catégories
Non classé

Research libraries’ new role in research data management…

Research libraries’ new role in research data management, current trends and visions in Denmark :

« The amount of research data is growing constantly, due to new technology with new potentials for collecting and analysing both digital data and research objects. This growth creates a demand for a coherent IT-infrastructure. Such an infrastructure must be able to provide facilities for storage, preservation and a more open access to data in order to fulfil the demands from the researchers themselves, the research councils and research foundations.
This paper presents the findings of a research project carried out under the auspices of DEFF (Danmarks Elektroniske Fag- og Forskningsbibliotek — Denmark’s Electronic Research Library) to analyse how the Danish universities store, preserve and provide access to research data. It shows that they do not have a common IT-infrastructure for research data management. This paper describes the various paths chosen by individual universities and research institutions, and the background for their strategies of research data management. Among the main reasons for the uneven practices are the lack of a national policy in this field, the different scientific traditions and cultures and the differences in the use and organization of IT-services.
This development contains several perspectives that are of particular relevance to research libraries. As they already curate digital collections and are active in establishing web archives, the research libraries become involved in research and dissemination of knowledge in new ways. This paper gives examples of how The State and University Library’s services facilitate research data management with special regard to digitization of research objects, storage, preservation and sharing of research data.
This paper concludes that the experience and skills of research libraries make the libraries important partners in a research data management infrastructure. »

URL : Research libraries’ new role in research data management, current trends and visions in Denmark
Alternative URL : http://liber.library.uu.nl/index.php/lq/article/view/9173

Catégories
EN

Novel Research Impact Indicators

Citation counts and more recently usage statistics provide valuable information about the attention and research impact associated with scholarly publications.

The open access publisher Public Library of Science (PLOS) has pioneered the concept of article-level metrics, where these metrics are collected on a per article and not a per journal basis and are complemented by real-time data from the social web or altmetrics: blog posts, social bookmarks, social media and other.

URL : Novel Research Impact Indicators
Alternative URL : http://liber.library.uu.nl/index.php/lq/article/view/8427