open access policies – Page 11 – InfoDoc MicroVeille

The public impact of Latin America’s approach to open access

Statut

“This study explores the extent to which research published in Latin America—where the vast majority of which is made freely available to the public—has an impact and reach beyond the academic community. It addresses the ways in which the study of research impact is moving beyond the counting citations, which has dominated bibliometrics for well over the last 50 years. As more of the world’s research is made freely available to the public, there is an increasing probability that the impact and reach of research extends beyond the confines of academia.

To establish the current extent of public access, this study explores who the users of Latin American research are, as well as their motivations for accessing the work by using a series of simple pop-up surveys, which were displayed to users of the two largest scholarly journal portals in Latin America.

The results, after thousands of responses, indicate that traditional scholarly use makes up only a quarter of the total use in Latin America. The majority of use is from non-scholar communities, namely students (around 50% of the total use) and from individuals interested for professional or personal reasons (collectively around 20% of the total use). By linking the survey responses to the articles being read, it was also possible to identify points of convergence and divergence in student, faculty, and public interest groups.

Finally, this study employed methods from a new field of inquiry, altmetrics, in an attempt to capture engagement with research on the social Web. The success of such methods for the Latin American case were limited due to low coverage levels, but the research nevertheless contributes to the understanding of nascent field of altmetrics more broadly. The study concludes with a discussion of the conceptual, political, curricular, and methodological implications of this new approach to scientific communication.”

URL : https://microblogging.infodocs.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/AlperinDissertationFinalPublicImpact-augmented.pdf

Open Access Policy: Numbers, Analysis, Effectiveness

Posté le 9 avril 2015 par Hans Dillaerts

“The PASTEUR4OA project is focused on Open Access policy developments and is undertaking a number of activities relating to policy, including mapping policies and policy-related activities, and engaging with policymakers and providing them with information about the general policy picture and what makes a policy effective.

Work Package 3 involved a set of tasks as follows:

Describe and enumerate the policy picture in Europe and around the world
Rebuild ROARMAP, the registry of OA policies, including the development of a new, detailed classification scheme that describes policy elements
Collect data on the levels of Open Access material in institutional repositories around the world
Measure policy outcomes and analyse what elements of a policy contribute to its effectiveness

The project sought out policies that exist but had not been registered in ROARMAP, and added more than 250 new entries to the database. The total number of policies globally is now 663 (March 2015), 60% of them from Europe. Of these, approximately two-thirds are institutional policies and about 10% are funder policies. Over half are mandatory, requiring some action rather than simply requesting it and over 60% of these mandatory policies are European.

ROARMAP, the policy registry, has been rebuilt with a new classification scheme for policies that records far more detail about them than before and permits much more extensive search functionality than previously. The scheme includes criteria for deposit and licensing conditions, rights holding, embargo lengths and ‘Gold’ Open Access publishing options.Links to policy documents are provided. Repository managers at policy institutions were contacted to check that we had the correct details for their policy and where necessary corrections were made. As it stands, at the end of this period of concentrated and meticulous work, ROARMAP reflects an accurate and detailed picture of the Open Access policy situation around the world.

The project also examined policy effectiveness. Three main exercises were undertaken. First, deposit rates were measured for articles in the repositories of both mandated and non-mandated institutions, and compared to the total number of articles published from these institutions. The material was identified as Metadata-Only, Full-Text, Open Access and Restricted Access. Open Access and Restricted Access are subsets of Full-Text and together comprise the whole of that category. Restricted Access means full-text articles that are showing only their metadata, with the text itselfclosed off, and are usually in this state for a period of embargo.

Across all institutions, more than three-quarters of published articles are not deposited at all, 8% are Metadata-Only, 3% Restricted Access and 12% Open Access. The rates vary by discipline. Deposit of Open Access material was over four times as high (14%) for institutions with a mandatory policy than for those without (3%). The top 20 institutions (all mandated) in terms of amount of repository content are listed. The top five are the University of Liège (Belgium), Instituto Politecnico de Bragança (Portugal), the National Institute of Oceanography (India), University of Pretoria (South Africa) and the University of Minho (Portugal).

Second, the time lag between publication and deposit of articles (deposit latency, which may be negative if the article is deposited before publication) was measured. Open Access items tend to be deposited later than Restricted Access ones, and latency periods tend to be longer in mandated institutions than in non-mandated ones (though deposits themselves are four times higher), probably because authors who deposit voluntarily are self-motivated and will do it early.

Third, we examined the deposit rate in relation to different policy criteria:

Positive correlations were found between Open Access and Restricted Access deposit rates and the following policy criteria: Must deposit, Cannot waive deposit, Link to research evaluation, Cannot waive rights retention, Must make item Open Access
Negative correlation was found with Cannot waive Open Access
Significant correlation was found between Open Access deposit rate and Must deposit and Cannot waive deposit

Fourth, we examined the correlation between deposit latency (specifically, the latency of deposit within the first year after publication) and different policy criteria. There is positive correlation between early deposit and Mandate age, Cannot waive rights retention and deposit immediately. We found significant correlation between early Open Access deposits and the age of the mandate: that is, the longer a mandatory policy has been in place, the more effective it can become.

As the numbers stand at the moment (March 2015), there are not yet enough OA policies to test whether other policy conditions would further contribute to mandate effectiveness. The current findings, however, already suggest that it would be useful for future mandates to adopt these conditions so as to maximise the growth of OA.

This analysis provides a list of criteria around which we recommend policies should align:

Must deposit (i.e. deposit is mandatory)
Deposit cannot be waived
Link deposit with research evaluation”

URL : https://microblogging.infodocs.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/PASTEUR4OA3.pdf

Open Access: Ein Lackmustest (Open Access: A Litmus Test)

Statut

German Abstract: “Open Access ist ein interessanter Policy Bereich, nicht nur weil er die Produktionsbedingungen der öffentlichen Forschung selbst betrifft, sondern auch weil er möglicherweise einer verbreiteten Beobachtung in der Urheberrechtsforschung widerspricht. Bestimmend für die allgemeine Erzählung des Urheberrechts ist die Expansionsannahme. Demnach ist die Entwicklung der Ausschlussrechte durch eine kontinuierliche und lineare Expansion gekennzeichnet. Open Access Initiativen mobilisieren dagegen für eine Umkehrung dieses Trends. Sie zielen auf akademische Standards, die einen erlaubnisfreien Zugang zu und eine Nachnutzung von öffentlich finanzierten Forschungsergebnissen verbindlich festlegen.
Dieser Artikel gibt einen breiten Überblick über die verschiedenen Ursprünge, die Operationalisierungs- und Institutionalisierungsformen von Open Access. Er beginnt mit einem kurzen Abriss über die Entstehung und Formierung des Marktes für akademische Zeitschriften, dem bis heute mächtigsten Gegner der Open Access Bewegung; und er schließt mit einer exemplarischen Darstellung der neueren Policies in Großbritannien, im Hinblick auf Open Access derzeit eines der interessantesten Länder. Die Britische Politikentwicklung zeigt zunächst, dass der Teufel tatsächlich in den Implementationsdetails steckt. Dies betrifft nicht nur die Durchsetzung von Open Access Standards, sondern auch die Allokation von Rechten. Darüber hinaus lässt sich von diesem Beispiel lernen, wie wichtig die politische Akteurskonstellation für die Ausgestaltung von Open Access Regeln ist, und damit zugleich für die künftige Bedeutung von Ausschlussrechten in der Zirkulation von öffentlicher Forschung.”

English Abstract: “Open Access is an interesting policy domain, not only because it concerns the modes of production of academic knowledge, but also because it may contradict a common observation of copyright research. While the great copyright narrative assumes that intellectual property rights expand in a continuous and linear fashion, Open Access policies strive to achieve the opposite; to wit, academic standards, which allow a permission-free access and a re-use of publicly funded research results.
This article aims to provide a broad overview of the diverse origins, the operationalization and institutionalization of Open Access policies. It starts with the emergence and formation of the market for academic journals, the most powerful counterpart of the Open Access movement, and it concludes with recent Open Access policies in the UK, one of the most interesting countries in this context because it illustrates that the devil is in the implementation details. The example of the UK not only offers lessons on how Open Access standards can be enforced but, more importantly so, on the political constellations that determine the future fate of Open Access, including that of the role of property rights for the circulation of academic knowledge.”

URL : http://ssrn.com/abstract=2515844

The implementation of the European Commission recommendation on open access to scientific information: comparison of national policies

Statut

“Two years after the publication of the European Commission recommendation on open access to scientific information, the critical threshold of accessibility to fifty percent of papers has been crossed. However, this figure is an average and the implementation of the EC recommendation varies from one country to another. The topical issue now is to observe the different steps of implementation and to wonder about the reaseons of such a disparity. In order to suggest many elements of the response, this research compares the different levels of implementation in the EU28.”

URL : http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic_01111211

L’impact de l’Open Access sur la recherche et développement au Maghreb

Statut

“Cet article vise à réactiver le débat autour des enjeux de l’Open Access, pour la recherche et le développement au Maghreb. Nous nous pencherons pour ce faire sur le cadre socio-économique – et le statut technologique dont il est tributaire, avant de revenir sur l’état de l’art de l’édition scientifique maghrébine en nous focalisant sur le comportement des acteurs en jeu, ainsi que sur les modalités d’accès à l’I. S. T. elle-même. Dans un second temps, nous analyserons les bénéfices théoriques de l’Open Access, puis, nous nous emploierons à établir un certain nombre de recommandations nécessaires au franc succès du mouvement dans le cas particulier des pays maghrébins.”

URL : http://icoa2014.sciencesconf.org/38083

Les réalités sur l’accès à l’information scientifique numérique dans les bibliothèques des universités du Sénégal : l’exemple de l’université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD)

Statut

“L’article analyse la situation des bibliothèques de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) de Dakar. L’enquête menée auprès de dix (10) bibliothèques de l’UCAD a permis d’analyser l’offre d’IST numérique. Le constat est une très faible présence malgré les efforts des autorités et des bibliothécaires. Avec le développement des TIC, il est indispensable de se focaliser sur les opportunités offertes pour mener une réflexion visant à trouver des solutions pérennes pour les bibliothèques.”

URL : http://icoa2014.sciencesconf.org/37928

Le libre accès et la recherche scientifique dans les universités marocaines

Statut

“Au Maroc, le mouvement des archives Ouvertes est à ses premiers balbutiements. Les Universités sont sensées être les premières à tenter cette expérience vu que ce sont principalement elles qui produisent de l’information scientifique dans ses diverses formes. Cette communication vise à présenter l’expérience de l’Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi en matière de mise en place d’une politique institutionnelle de libre accès de la recherche. Elle s’est principalement penchée sur la prédisposition des différents acteurs à s’intégrer dans ce projet afin de d’accroître la visibilité et l’accessibilité de la recherche scientifique marocaine.”

URL : http://icoa2014.sciencesconf.org/37930