FR

Les sources nativement numériques pour les sciences humaines et sociales

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Auteur/Author : Camille Paloque-Berges

Cet article vient proposer une synthèse et une extension d’une journée d’étude prenant pour problématique les questions méthodologiques et épistémologiques associées aux sources numériques natives (SNN), c’est-à-dire produites originellement dans le contexte d’usage des outils et environnements numériques.

On s’attache d’abord à décrire le type de sources dont il s’agit du point de vue de leur matérialité, afin de les faire apparaître derrière le mille-feuille des artefacts informatiques. Données, code, documents, équipement : autant de niveaux allant du logiciel au matériel informatique dans lesquels s’inscrivent les gestes et mots du présent.

Ces sources sont ensuite considérées à travers le processus de mise en archive, censée leur donner une valeur patrimoniale stable – et soulevant les problématiques de l’originalité, de l’intégrité et de l’authenticité de ces sources.

Enfin, un échantillon de méthodologies associées à l’analyse des SNN est présenté à travers une observation à plusieurs échelles, avant de conclure ce tour d’horizon par les questionnements épistémologiques entraînés par la réflexivité du chercheur qui les manipule.

URL : https://www.cairn.info/revue-histoire-politique-2016-3-page-221.htm

EN

Science Metadata Management, Interoperability and Data Citations of the National Institute of Polar Research, Japan

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Authors : M. Kanao, M. Okada, J. Friddel, A. Kadokura

The Polar Data Centre (PDC) of the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) has a responsibility to manage polar science data as part of the National Antarctic Data Centre and the Science Committee on Antarctic Research. During the International Polar Year (IPY 2007–2008), a remarkable number of data/metadata involving multi-disciplinary science activities were compiled.

Although the long-term stewardship of the accumulation of metadata falls to the data center of NIPR, the work has been in collaboration with the Global Change Master Directory, the Polar Information Commons, the World Data System and other data science bodies/communities under the International Council for Science.

In addition, links with other data centers, such as the Data Integration and Analysis System Program of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems and the Polar Data Catalogue of Canada were initiated in 2014 using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. The metadata compiled by the PDC were recently modified using an automatic attributing system and DataCite through the Japan Link Center.

URL : Science Metadata Management, Interoperability and Data Citations of the National Institute of Polar Research, Japan

DOI : http://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2018-001

EN

Recommendations to Improve Downloads of Large Earth Observation Data

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Authors : Rahul Ramachandran, Christopher Lynnes, Kathleen Baynes, Kevin Murphy, Jamie Baker, Jamie Kinney, Ariel Gold, Jed Sundwall, Mark Korver, Allison Lieber, William Vambenepe, Matthew Hancher,  Rebecca Moore, Tyler Erickson, Josh Henretig,
Brant Zwiefel, Heather Patrick-Ahlstrom, Matthew J. Smith

With the volume of Earth observation data expanding rapidly, cloud computing is quickly changing the way these data are processed, analyzed, and visualized. Collocating freely available Earth observation data on a cloud computing infrastructure may create opportunities unforeseen by the original data provider for innovation and value-added data re-use, but existing systems at data centers are not designed for supporting requests for large data transfers.

A lack of common methodology necessitates that each data center handle such requests from different cloud vendors differently. Guidelines are needed to support enabling all cloud vendors to utilize a common methodology for bulk-downloading data from data centers, thus preventing the providers from building custom capabilities to meet the needs of individual vendors.

This paper presents recommendations distilled from use cases provided by three cloud vendors (Amazon, Google, and Microsoft) and are based on the vendors’ interactions with data systems at different Federal agencies and organizations.

These specific recommendations range from obvious steps for improving data usability (such as ensuring the use of standard data formats and commonly supported projections) to non-obvious undertakings important for enabling bulk data downloads at scale.

These recommendations can be used to evaluate and improve existing data systems for high-volume data transfers, and their adoption can lead to cloud vendors utilizing a common methodology.

URL : Recommendations to Improve Downloads of Large Earth Observation Data

DOI : http://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2018-002

 

EN

Open access availability of scientific publications

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Author : Science-Metrix Inc.

This report details population-level measurements of the open access (OA) availability of publications indexed in two bibliometric databases—the Web of Science (WoS) by Clarivate Analytics and Scopus by Elsevier. This was achieved by matching the bibliometric database populations to the 1science database to determine the availability of the papers in OA form.

A comparative analysis of the recall and precision levels of the 1science database was performed using Scopus and the WoS. This helped to characterize the 1science database. Two policy-relevant indicators were selected for in-depth analyses: country affiliation of authors on publications, and scientific disciplines. These indicators were selected because they are very frequently used in bibliometric studies, including those performed by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and they appear in the NSF’s Science and Engineering Indicators.

URL : http://www.science-metrix.com/sites/default/files/science-metrix/publications/science-metrix_open_access_availability_scientific_publications_report.pdf

EN

Open access policies of high impact medical journals: a cross-sectional study

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Authors : Tim Ellison, Tim Koder, Laura Schmidt, Amy Williams, Christopher Winchester

Introduction

Journal publishers increasingly offer governmental and charitable research funders the option to pay for open access with a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence, which allows sharing and adaptation of published materials for commercial as well as non-commercial use.

The Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association recommends this licence as the least restrictive Creative Commons licence available. We set out to investigate whether pharmaceutical companies are offered the same options.

Methods

Using Journal Selector (Sylogent, Newtown, PA, USA), we identified journals with a 2015 impact factor of at least 15 on 24 May 2017, and excluded journals that only publish review articles from the analysis.

Between 29 June 2017 and 26 July 2017, we collected information about the journals’ open access policies from their websites and/or by email contact. We contacted the journals by email again between 6 December 2017 and 2 January 2018 to confirm our findings.

Results

Thirty-seven non-review journals listed in the Journal Selector database, from 14 publishers, had a 2015 impact factor of at least 15. All 37 journals offered some form of access with varying embargo periods of up to 12 months.

Of these journals, 23 (62%) offered immediate open access with a CC BY licence under certain circumstances (e.g. to specific research funders). Of these 23, only one journal confirmed that it offered a CC BY licence to commercial funders/pharmaceutical companies.

Conclusion

The open access policies of most medical journals with high impact factors restrict the dissemination of medical research funded by the pharmaceutical industry.

To give the scientific community freedom to read, reuse and adapt medical publications, publishers and academic journal editors would ideally allow pharmaceutical companies to fund unrestricted and immediate open access with a CC BY licence.

URL : Open access policies of high impact medical journals: a cross-sectional study

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1101/250613

FR

L’offre de services des espaces numériques de la Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon : étude de cas

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Auteurs/Authors : Talal Zouhri, Mabrouka El Hachani

Les bibliothèques de lecture publique participent-elles au développement de la culture numérique de leurs usagers ? Pour répondre à cette question, cet article examine un ensemble de services proposés aux usagers par les espaces numériques du réseau de la Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon (BmL).

L’ensemble de ces services prend en compte leur âge et leur niveau de maîtrise de l’outil informatique. Deux types de démarches pour l’apprentissage informel sont identifiés.

Le premier est l’accompagnement, à travers la mise en place d’ateliers numériques appuyés par une restitution-trace à travers le blog, une forme de mémo pour ceux ayant suivi les ateliers et une forme de valorisation de ce service pour les autres internautes. Le second vise à développer l’autonomie des usagers.

Ce second type de démarche se déploie à travers la mise à disposition d’outils d’autoformation et des ressources documentaires comme support pédagogique. La médiation est présente comme un élément central autour duquel se construit l’ensemble des services des espaces numériques examinés.

URL : https://lesenjeux.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2017/05-Zouhri-ElHachani/

EN

Open scientific journals: Emerging practices and approaches

Posted on by Hans Dillaerts

Authors : Andre Luiz Appel, Sarita Albagli, Maria Lucia Maciel

This study aims to show how the concept of openness has been manifested and amplified in the universe of open access scholarly journals, pointing out emerging characteristics and practices linked to processes of submission, evaluation, revision, editing, publishing, editing, distribution, access and use of texts for publication.

We proceeded to an overview and discussion of the pertinent literature and the identification and analysis of open access journals which have addressed the issue, and to the identification and analysis of cases of open access journals which have been adopting innovative practices, based on information on editorial policies available on their websites.

Among the results, we have pointed out aspects of the publications examined, such as the types of licenses used, policies regarding access to research data, publishing formats, charges and alternative metrics of evaluation.

URL : Open scientific journals: Emerging practices and approaches

Alternative location : https://content.iospress.com/articles/information-services-and-use/isu862