Steve Hitchcock and David Tarrant show how file format profiles, the starting point for preservation plans and actions, can also be used to reveal the fingerprints of emerging types of institutional repositories.
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Intellectual Property’s Great Fallacy
Intellectual property law has long been justified on the belief that external incentives are necessary to get people to produce artistic works and technological innovations that are easily copied.
This Essay argues that this foundational premise of the economic theory of intellectual property is wrong. Using recent advances in behavioral economics, psychology, and business-management studies, it is now possible to show that there are natural and intrinsic motivations that will cause technology and the arts to flourish even in the absence of externally supplied rewards, such as copyrights and patents.
URL : http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1746343
Open data : Empowering the empowered or effective data use for everyone?
“This paper takes a supportive but critical look at “open data” from the perspective of its possible impact on the poor and marginalized and concludes that there may be cause for concern in the absence of specific measures being taken to ensure that there are supports for ensuring a wide basis of opportunity for “effective data use”. The paper concludes by providing a seven element model for how effective data use can be achieved.”
URL : http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3316/2764
Co-occurrence Analysis of Access Log of Institutional Repository
Institutional repository is playing an important role to guarantee open access to research outputs by self archiving. However, the number of the items in most institutional repositories is extremely fewer than that of the total research outputs produced in the institute. One of the reasons is that most researchers have no incentive to register their research outputs, simply because the e ffectiveness of registration to institutional repository is not clear.
The authors are constructing a feedback system for researchers who register their research outputs to institutional repository. In this paper, they focus on access log analysis to discover meaningful knowledge on when, how, and why the items are accessed. The knowledge from the access log can utilized also for recommendation of items forusers (readers) of the institutional repository.
This paper shows some results of co-occurrence analysis for access log of the institutional repository of Kyushu University, and shows some ideas of advanced analysis to obtain meaningful knowledge.
URL : http://catalog.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/handle/2324/18909/BIH11.pdf
Plato and the Internet: Liberating Knowledge From Our Heads
My aim in this paper is to look at corporate knowledge engineering and see what it tells us about the philosophy of knowledge. The question I am asking is whether there is anything specific in engineering that could change our understanding of what or how we know. I am interested less in generating a theory of the relationship, rather more in raising a set of questions which I hope will stimulate a dialogue between the disciplines of knowledge and engineering.
The distinguished computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra, once said that “Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes”, and in that spirit I want to argue that epistemology is no more about people than astronomy is about telescopes.
This paper is in five sections. To begin with, I will provide a caricature of the philosophy of knowledge. Second, I want to look at where traditional epistemology fails to connect with people’s actual problems concerning knowledge. Third, I will look at the situation in reverse and think about who – or what – is the knowing subject and what epistemology would look like if actual practical problems were its starting point. Next will come a brief digression on knowledge technologies, before some tentatively-expressed (but no less firmly held) conclusions about the relationship between engineering and philosophy.
Chercheurs à l’ère numérique (cas des mathématiciens et informaticiens en France)
La communication scientifique est influencée par la tendance actuelle vers le “tout-électronique”. Cette mutation de l’édition du support papier vers l’édition électronique modifie aussi le rôle des bibliothèques de recherche.
Trois enquêtes (2005, 2007 et 2010) ont visé les pratiques documentaires et les pratiques de l’auto-archivage des articles d’une partie de la communauté mathématique et informatique en France liée aux bibliothèques du Réseau National des Bibliothèques en Mathématiques.
L’analyse comparative des résultats donne l’occasion de voir le changement dans le temps des comportements des usagers.
The State of Open Data in Europe
Opening up government data to the public has been part of the European policy agenda since the introduction of the PSI directive in 2003. European Member States continue to lean towards a cautious approach of making their data available to citizens.
This is partly caused by conflicting legal frameworks, cultural norms and the idea to recover the costs of data production. At the same time and inspired by activities in the U.S. and UK, the open data movement has emerged in many countries around the globe. They have a simple demand: Government agencies should put as much of their data online as possible in a machine-readable format so that everyone can re-use it since they were paid for by taxes.
This study analyses the current state of the open data policy ecosystem and open government data offerings in nine European Member States. Since none of the countries studied currently offers a national open data
portal, this study compares the statistics offices’ online data offerings.
The analysis shows that they fulfill a number of open data principles but that there is still a lot of room for improvement. This study underlines that the development of data catalogues and portals should not be seen as means to an end.