Archives des auteurs : Hans Dillaerts

L’accessibilité web comme porte et enjeu de médiation des savoirs

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Comme l’indique le rapport de l’Union européenne de 2009, l’accessibilité web aux ressources numériques a pour objectif de « mettre le web et ses services à la disposition de tous les individus, quels que soient leur matériel ou logiciel, leur infrastructure réseau, leur langue maternelle, leur culture, leur localisation géographique et leurs aptitudes physiques ». Malgré la présence de nombreuses normes, le WCAG ou le RGAA en France, les développeurs web en charge des sites et de la mise à disposition de ressources numériques intègrent encore peu ces normes et ces logiques informationnelles.

Nous nous appuierons dans un premier temps, sur les résultats d’une enquête nationale menée en 2013 (Lespinet, Liquète, Pinède et al.) montrant les représentations et la nature des freins actuels et réfléchirons, dans un second temps, en quoi l’approche par la médiation des savoirs sous l’angle de l’accessibilité reste une dimension à interroger.

Le postulat que nous évoquerons serait, entre autres, de dépasser les approches informationnelles orientées « usages » pour considérer plutôt une approche orientée « interactions producteur(s)-usagers », où une part des médiations consisterait à lutter contre les représentations et les blocages des acteurs gérant et mettant à disposition les documents numériques dans les systèmes d’information et sur les sites web.

URL : http://dms.revues.org/1200

 

La médiation numérique du patrimoine : quels savoirs au musée ?

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En poursuivant des recherches en cours sur les médiations culturelles innovantes au musée, participant ainsi aux réflexions menées actuellement en Sciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC) sur la médiation culturelle et ses diverses typologies, nous souhaitons enrichir la définition de ce processus, en nous intéressant ici aux dispositifs numériques de plus en plus nombreux aujourd’hui dans les musées.

Derrière la fausse évidence d’une médiation généralisée, les dispositifs informatiques en réseau ou dispositifs numériques de médiation culturelle interrogent les pratiques des usagers, visiteurs de musées, tout en brouillant les frontières entre numérisation et accès aux collections, patrimoine réel et patrimoine numérique, transmission/valorisation et appropriation/partage.

L’enquête a permis de repérer des dispositifs numériques qui hésitent encore entre information, médiation et communication. Les entretiens menés auprès de deux responsables de services éducatifs de deux musées toulousains soulèvent la question des savoirs proposés par les musées : des savoirs scientifiques issus de l’étude des objets, des savoirs techniques véhiculés par les objets médiateurs ou les dispositifs et les savoirs empiriques des publics.

URL : http://dms.revues.org/1219

Research Data Services in Academic Libraries: Data Intensive Roles for the Future?

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Objectives

The primary objectives of this study are to gauge the various levels of Research Data Service academic libraries provide based on demographic factors, gauging RDS growth since 2011, and what obstacles may prevent expansion or growth of services.

Methods

Survey of academic institutions through stratified random sample of ACRL library directors across the U.S. and Canada. Frequencies and chi-square analysis were applied, with some responses grouped into broader categories for analysis.

Results

Minimal to no change for what services were offered between survey years, and interviews with library directors were conducted to help explain this lack of change.

Conclusion

Further analysis is forthcoming for a librarians study to help explain possible discrepancies in organizational objectives and librarian sentiments of RDS.

URL : Research Data Services in Academic Libraries: Data Intensive Roles for the Future?

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.7191/jeslib.2015.1085

Research data management services in academic research libraries and perceptions of librarians

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The emergence of data intensive science and the establishment of data management mandates have motivated academic libraries to develop research data services (RDS) for their faculty and students. Here the results of two studies are reported: librarians’ RDS practices in U.S. and Canadian academic research libraries, and the RDS-related library policies in those or similar libraries. Results show that RDS are currently not frequently employed in libraries, but many services are in the planning stages.

Technical RDS are less common than informational RDS, RDS are performed more often for faculty than for students, and more library directors believe they offer opportunities for staff to develop RDS-related skills than the percentage of librarians who perceive such opportunities to be available. Librarians need opportunities to learn more about these services either on campus or through attendance at workshops and professional conferences.

URL : Research data management services in academic research libraries and perceptions of librarians

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2013.11.003

 

University-based open access publishing

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This report, prepared for SPARC Europe, sketches the landscape of university-­‐based not-­‐for-­‐ profit publishing in Europe with a primary focus on open access publishing of journals. It provides a view of the different types of initiatives in terms of their size, operational and business models, technologies used, stakeholder involvement, concentration of scientific fields, growth, as well as regional characteristics and recommendations for SPARC Europe and DOAJ.

The report attests to a rich and continuously evolving ecology of open access publishing initiatives in universities in Europe and elsewhere. Beyond the commercial publishing models, it appears that university libraries are largely the foci of intense activity in journal publishing and books (primarily where a university press exists), while national governments are moving towards building national collections, national portals and services paid for by public funds to make research published within the country more relevant and accessible internationally.

This ecology is primarily populated by small publishers who are largely invisible, and much smaller numbers of large and medium-­‐ sized university-­‐based activities. At the same time, a growing number of innovative initiatives in the University and outside, mostly initiated by scholars and University Presses, eager to experiment in developing a fair and sustainable scholarly communications system, attests to a vibrant and swiftly-­‐evolving landscape.

URL : University-based open access publishing

Alternative location : http://sparceurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/SE_UPublishing_Report_0315.pdf

Why scientific publications should be anonymous

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Numerous studies have revealed biases within the scientific communication system and across all scientific fields. For example, already prominent researchers receive disproportional credit compared to their (almost) equally qualified colleagues — because of their prominence. However, none of those studies has offered a solution as to how to decrease the incidence of these biases. In this paper I argue that by publishing anonymously, we can decrease the incidence of inaccurate heuristics in the current scientific communication system. Specific suggestions are made as to how to implement the changes.

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.05382

Researchers and Their Data : Results of an Austrian Survey

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This report provides an overview of the Austria-wide survey for research data, which was carried out within the framework of the project e-Infrastructures Austria at the beginning of 2015. This survey was directed at the arts, humanities and sciences staff of all 21 public universities and three extramural research institutions in Austria.

The participants were asked about the following topics :

  • Data types and formats
  • Data archiving, backup and loss
  • Ethical and legal aspects
  • Accessibility and subsequent use
  • Infrastructure and services

This first inquiry conducted at a national level in this context, facilitates the collection of methods for the practical handling of research data in Austria, and is therefore the basis (1) for an on-going effort to optimize infrastructure, (2) for an adaptation of the services provided, as well as (3) for a reorientation of the identification method for resources in this strategic area, which correspond to the expressed needs of people in the research process.

URL : Researchers and Their Data : Results of an Austrian Survey

Alternative location : https://fedora.phaidra.univie.ac.at/fedora/get/o:409318/bdef:Content/get