Archives des auteurs : Hans Dillaerts

L’édition scientifique en France : de la censure à l’ouverture : révolutions politiques, commerciales, technologiques… et autres problèmes éthiques

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Autrice/Author : Lise Verlaet

A travers une analyse systémique de l’édition scientifique en France – et plus particulièrement via une étude des contextes historiques, socio-économiques et politique – cet article soulève les problématiques éthiques qui ont jalonné la construction de l’écosystème scientifique et l’exploitation des produits de la recherche, et livre une réflexion sur les défis éthiques liés à la mise en place depuis 2018 de la politique de la Science Ouverte mais aussi des conséquences directes que cela va avoir sur les pratiques des chercheurs.

URL : L’édition scientifique en France : de la censure à l’ouverture : révolutions politiques, commerciales, technologiques… et autres problèmes éthiques

DOI : https://doi.org/10.25965/interfaces-numeriques.5262

La gouvernance des données en contexte universitaire : proposition d’un modèle de maturité

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Auteur.ices/Authors : Ugo Verdi, Nathalie Pinède, Guy Melançon

Dans le contexte d’une production très rapide des données, la question de leur gouvernance traverse l’ensemble des organisations. Si cette problématique a été principalement étudiée dans un contexte entrepreneurial où une gestion optimale des données sert en priorité des objectifs économiques, elle a moins fait l’objet d’une étude dans un cadre universitaire.

Cet article propose ici un modèle de maturité pour permettre aux universités de disposer d’un outil concourant d’une part à identifier et analyser les mécanismes de la gouvernance des données et, d’autre part, à évaluer le niveau d’implication des acteurs et de l’organisation.

Bien qu’adapté à un contexte local particulier, à savoir les projets ACT de l’université de Bordeaux, il a pour vocation d’être adaptable à d’autres contextes universitaires.

HAL : https://hal.science/hal-04585975

Challenges and strategies for open access in South Africa: A knowledge management approach

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Authors : Kwame Kodua-Ntim, Madelein Fombad

This paper explores the challenges of open access in South Africa and draws from knowledge management concepts and principles to suggest strategies to enhance open access. A comprehensive analysis of the existing literature was undertaken to address these challenges.

A systematic review was undertaken to address the obstacles associated with open access using a well-defined search protocol. Some of the challenges were limited funding, inequality in access to technology, limited awareness, resistance from publishers, copyright issues, and lack of infrastructure.

The article suggests that knowledge management initiatives such as knowledge awareness of open access, knowledge sharing, leadership, rewards and incentives, and a positive culture will enhance open access.

URL : Challenges and strategies for open access in South Africa: A knowledge management approach

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669241257188

Scientific discourse on YouTube: Motivations for citing research in comments

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Authors : Sören Striewski, Olga Zagovora, Isabella Peters

YouTube is a valuable source of user-generated content on a wide range of topics, and it encourages user participation through the use of a comment system. Video content is increasingly addressing scientific topics, and there is evidence that both academics and consumers use video descriptions and video comments to refer to academic research and scientific publications.

Because commenting is a discursive behavior, this study will provide insights on why individuals post links to research publications in comments. For this, a qualitative content analysis and iterative coding approach were applied. Furthermore, the reasons for mentioning academic publications in comments were contrasted with the reasons for citing in scholarly works and with reasons for commenting on YouTube.

We discovered that the primary motives for sharing research links were (1) providing more insights into the topic and (2) challenging information offered by other commentators.

Arxiv : https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.12798

Enabling preprint discovery, evaluation, and analysis with Europe PMC

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Authors : Mariia Levchenko, Michael Parkin, Johanna McEntyre, Melissa Harrison

Preprints provide an indispensable tool for rapid and open communication of early research findings. Preprints can also be revised and improved based on scientific commentary uncoupled from journal-organised peer review. The uptake of preprints in the life sciences has increased significantly in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when immediate access to research findings became crucial to address the global health emergency.

With ongoing expansion of new preprint servers, improving discoverability of preprints is a necessary step to facilitate wider sharing of the science reported in preprints. To address the challenges of preprint visibility and reuse, Europe PMC, an open database of life science literature, began indexing preprint abstracts and metadata from several platforms in July 2018. Since then, Europe PMC has continued to increase coverage through addition of new servers, and expanded its preprint initiative to include the full text of preprints related to COVID-19 in July 2020 and then the full text of preprints supported by the Europe PMC funder consortium in April 2022.

The preprint collection can be searched via the website and programmatically, with abstracts and the open access full text of COVID-19 and Europe PMC funder preprint subsets available for bulk download in a standard machine-readable JATS XML format. This enables automated information extraction for large-scale analyses of the preprint corpus, accelerating scientific research of the preprint literature itself.

This publication describes steps taken to build trust, improve discoverability, and support reuse of life science preprints in Europe PMC. Here we discuss the benefits of indexing preprints alongside peer-reviewed publications, and challenges associated with this process.

URL : Enabling preprint discovery, evaluation, and analysis with Europe PMC

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.19.590240

Re-use of research data in the social sciences. Use and users of digital data archive

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Authors : Elina LateI, Michael Ochsner

The aim of this paper is to investigate the re-use of research data deposited in digital data archive in the social sciences. The study examines the quantity, type, and purpose of data downloads by analyzing enriched user log data collected from Swiss data archive. The findings show that quantitative datasets are downloaded increasingly from the digital archive and that downloads focus heavily on a small share of the datasets.

The most frequently downloaded datasets are survey datasets collected by research organizations offering possibilities for longitudinal studies. Users typically download only one dataset, but a group of heavy downloaders form a remarkable share of all downloads. The main user group downloading data from the archive are students who use the data in their studies. Furthermore, datasets downloaded for research purposes often, but not always, serve to be used in scholarly publications.

Enriched log data from data archives offer an interesting macro level perspective on the use and users of the services and help understanding the increasing role of repositories in the social sciences. The study provides insights into the potential of collecting and using log data for studying and evaluating data archive use.

URL : Re-use of research data in the social sciences. Use and users of digital data archive

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303190

Research Data Management in the Croatian Academic Community: A Research Study

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Author : Radovan Vrana

This paper presents the results of an empirical research study of Croatian scientists’ use and management of research data. This research study was carried out from 28 June 2023 until 31 August 2023 using an online questionnaire consisting of 28 questions. The answers of 584 respondents working in science were filtered out for further analysis. About three-quarters of the respondents used the research data of other scientists successfully. Research data were mostly acquired from colleagues from the same department or institution.

Roughly half of the respondents did not ask other scientists directly for their research data. Research data are important to the respondents mostly for raising the quality of research. Repeating someone else’s research by using their research data is still a problem. Less than one-third of the respondents provided full access to their research data mostly due to their fear of misuse.

The benefits of research data sharing were recognized but few of the respondents received any reward for it. Archiving research data is a significant problem for the respondents as they dominantly use their own computers prone to failure for that activity and do not think about long-term preservation. Finally, the respondents lacked deeper knowledge of research data management.

URL : Research Data Management in the Croatian Academic Community: A Research Study

DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/publications12020016