Mois : décembre 2014

An Efficiency Comparison of Document Preparation Systems Used in Academic Research and Development

Statut

The choice of an efficient document preparation system is an important decision for any academic researcher. To assist the research community, we report a software usability study in which 40 researchers across different disciplines prepared scholarly texts with either Microsoft Word or LaTeX. The probe texts included simple continuous text, text with tables and subheadings, and complex text with several mathematical equations. We show that LaTeX users were slower than Word users, wrote less text in the same amount of time, and produced more typesetting, orthographical, grammatical, and formatting errors. On most measures, expert LaTeX users performed even worse than novice Word users. LaTeX users, however, more often report enjoying using their respective software. We conclude that even experienced LaTeX users may suffer a loss in productivity when LaTeX is used, relative to other document preparation systems. Individuals, institutions, and journals should carefully consider the ramifications of this finding when choosing document preparation strategies, or requiring them of authors.

URL : https://microblogging.infodocs.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/journal.pone.0115069.pdf

DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0115069

Annotation as a New Paradigm in Research Archiving

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“We outline a paradigm to preserve results of digital scholarship, whether they are query results, feature values, or topic assignments. This paradigm is characterized by using annotations as multifunctional carriers and making them portable. The testing grounds we have chosen are two significant enterprises, one in the history of science, and one in Hebrew scholarship. The first one (CKCC) focuses on the results of a project where a Dutch consortium of universities, research institutes, and cultural heritage institutions experimented for 4 years with language techniques and topic modeling methods with the aim to analyze the emergence of scholarly debates. The data: a complex set of about 20.000 letters. The second one (DTHB) is a multi-year effort to express the linguistic features of the Hebrew bible in a text database, which is still growing in detail and sophistication. Versions of this database are packaged in commercial bible study software. We state that the results of these forms of scholarship require new knowledge management and archive practices. Only when researchers can build efficiently on each other’s (intermediate) results, they can achieve the aggregations of quality data by which new questions can be answered, and hidden patterns visualized. Archives are required to find a balance between preserving authoritative versions of sources and supporting collaborative efforts in digital scholarship. Annotations are promising vehicles for preserving and reusing research results.”

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6069

Return on citation: a consistent metric to evaluate papers, journals and researchers

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“Evaluating and comparing the academic performance of a journal, a researcher or a single paper has long remained a critical, necessary but also controversial issue. Most of existing metrics invalidate comparison across different fields of science or even between different types of papers in the same field. This paper proposes a new metric, called return on citation (ROC), which is simply a citation ratio but applies to evaluating the paper, the journal and the researcher in a consistent way, allowing comparison across different fields of science and between different types of papers and discouraging unnecessary and coercive/self-citation.”

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.8420

On the relationship between interdisciplinarity and impact: different modalities of interdisciplinarity lead to different types of impact

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“There is increasing interest among funding agencies to understand how they can best contribute to enhancing the socio-economic impact of research. Interdisciplinarity is often presented as a research mode that can facilitate impact but there exist a limited number of analytical studies that have attempted to examine whether or how interdisciplinarity can affect the societal relevance of research. We investigate fifteen Social Sciences research investments in the UK to examine how they have achieved impact. We analyse research drivers, cognitive distances, degree of integration, collaborative practices, stakeholder engagement and the type of impact generated. The analysis suggests that interdisciplinarity cannot be associated with a single type of impact mechanism. Also, interdisciplinarity is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for achieving societal relevance and impact. However, we identify a specific modality — “long-range” interdisciplinarity, which appears more likely to be associated with societal impact because of its focused problem-orientation and its strong interaction with stakeholders.”

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6684

Patterns of Text Reuse in a Scientific Corpus

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“We consider the incidence of text “reuse” by researchers, via a systematic pairwise comparison of the text content of all articles deposited to arXiv.org from 1991–2012. We measure the global frequencies of three classes of text reuse, and measure how chronic text reuse is distributed among authors in the dataset. We infer a baseline for accepted practice, perhaps surprisingly permissive compared with other societal contexts, and a clearly delineated set of aberrant authors. We find a negative correlation between the amount of reused text in an article and its influence, as measured by subsequent citations. Finally, we consider the distribution of countries of origin of articles containing large amounts of reused text.”

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.2716

Approche anthropologique des usages de tablettes tactiles en formation professionnelle supérieure

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“Cet article présente une étude exploratoire portant sur les conditions d’adoption de tablettes tactiles en contexte de formation supérieure. Des entretiens et des observations ont été menés auprès d’étudiants en licence professionnelle des métiers des bibliothèques et de la documentation. L’observation porte sur l’évolution des usages personnels, pédagogiques et professionnels et les interactions entre les différents usages. La tablette tactile prend une place particulière dans un écosystème numérique personnel renouvelé. Dans le cadre des activités pédagogiques elle apparaît principalement comme un outil de recherche sur le web. Des tensions ont été caractérisées entre une représentation globalement positive des tablettes et la réalité des situations en stage. Quant aux pratiques de lecture numérique limitées, elles expriment moins une réticence de principe que l’expression d’une difficulté dans un contexte d’évolution à modifier ses habitudes de lecture.”

URL : http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic_01094808

Les archives de la recherche à l’Institut Pasteur : évolutions et perspectives

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“Le but de cette communication est de présenter les moyens mis en œuvre jusqu’à présent par l’Institut Pasteur pour préserver ses archives. Il s’agira aussi d’évoquer, du fait des évolutions actuelles, les réflexions et projets en cours ou à venir. Depuis sa création en 1987, le service des archives de l’Institut Pasteur a orienté ses travaux suivant deux axes : la collecte, le classement et la description des principaux fonds d’archives historiques ainsi que la collecte systématique des archives des services scientifiques et administratifs de l’institution. Outre la richesse des fonds d’archives, une réelle complémentarité existe entre les dépôts de travaux scientifiques et le recueil des décisions administratives les concernant. Aujourd’hui, l’Institut Pasteur est confronté à l’augmentation de la masse des données/documents produits et reçus, à la prépondérance des données numériques, aux évolutions rapides du monde de la recherche… Une gestion plus rationnelle des données/documents est donc plus que jamais essentielle. Pour se faire, le service des archives élabore une politique d’archivage et redéfinit des procédures et des référentiels de conservation. Dans ce cadre, la collaboration avec les services transverses (service qualité, direction des systèmes d’information…) est également cruciale. De plus, le service des archives entend se rendre plus visible autant en interne (sensibilisation des pasteuriens, pages intranet, expositions…) qu’en externe (accueil de chercheurs notamment étrangers, site internet, numérisation d’archives, participation à des groupes de réflexion…).”

URL : Les archives de la recherche à l’Institut Pasteur : évolutions et perspectives

Alternative URL : http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic_01094774