Reproducible Research Practices and Transparency across the Biomedical Literature

There is a growing movement to encourage reproducibility and transparency practices in the scientific community, including public access to raw data and protocols, the conduct of replication studies, systematic integration of evidence in systematic reviews, and the documentation of funding and potential conflicts of interest.

In this survey, we assessed the current status of reproducibility and transparency addressing these indicators in a random sample of 441 biomedical journal articles published in 2000–2014. Only one study provided a full protocol and none made all raw data directly available. Replication studies were rare (n = 4), and only 16 studies had their data included in a subsequent systematic review or meta-analysis. The majority of studies did not mention anything about funding or conflicts of interest.

The percentage of articles with no statement of conflict decreased substantially between 2000 and 2014 (94.4% in 2000 to 34.6% in 2014); the percentage of articles reporting statements of conflicts (0% in 2000, 15.4% in 2014) or no conflicts (5.6% in 2000, 50.0% in 2014) increased.

Articles published in journals in the clinical medicine category versus other fields were almost twice as likely to not include any information on funding and to have private funding. This study provides baseline data to compare future progress in improving these indicators in the scientific literature.

URL : Reproducible Research Practices and Transparency across the Biomedical Literature

DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002333

Les revues littéraires en ligne : entre éditorialisation et réseaux d’intelligences

Cet article propose un état des lieux sur les revues littéraires numériques. Cette tâche pourrait sembler facile si l’on considère que ces expériences existent depuis très peu de temps. Les premières revues en ligne apparaissent, en effet, au début des années 1990.

Pourtant, la question est beaucoup plus complexe que ce que l’on pourrait penser, et cela, pour une série de raisons qui seront analysées dans cet article. Il n’est tout d’abord pas évident de s’entendre sur ce que l’on définit par l’expression « revue littéraire numérique ».

D’une part car on fait référence, avec le mot « numérique », à une série d’expériences et de pratiques hétérogènes et différentes qui peuvent difficilement être regroupées ensemble. D’autre part parce que ce qu’on appelle désormais la « révolution numérique » a déterminé des changements importants quant au sens des contenus, de leur production, de leur validation et de leur distribution et a par conséquent fortement affecté la signification du mot « revue » lui-même.

Il faudra ainsi prendre séparément en considération une série de phénomènes différents et essayer de rendre compte de pratiques hétérogènes qui se chevauchent et empiètent l’une sur l’autre. L’article proposera d’abord une analyse des enjeux de la numérisation des revues, à savoir le processus de transposition des revues papier au format électronique.

Il s’attaquera ensuite aux expériences des revues numériques dès leur création pour comprendre s’il y a une différence, et laquelle, entre les premières et les secondes.

Pour finir, on tentera de comprendre en quoi le numérique en tant que phénomène culturel — et en particulier les changements de diffusion et de circulation des contenus ainsi que les différentes formes de ce que l’on appelle désormais « éditorialisation » — a transformé l’idée même de revue et donné lieu à des pratiques et à des expériences complexes et hybrides dont la place dans le panorama culturel est difficile à saisir.

URL : https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1866/11379/revues-litteraires-en-ligne-vitali-rosati.pdf

Leading by Example? ALA Division Publications, Open Access, and Sustainability

This investigation explores scholarly communication business models in American Library Association (ALA) division peer-reviewed academic journals. Previous studies reveal the numerous issues organizations and publishers face in the academic publishing environment. Through an analysis of documented procedures, policies, and finances of five ALA division journals, we compare business and access models.

We conclude that some ALA divisions prioritize the costs associated with changing business models, including hard-to-estimate costs such as the labor of volunteers. For other divisions, the financial aspects are less important than maintaining core values, such as those defined in ALA’s Core Values in Librarianship.

URL : http://m.crl.acrl.org/content/early/2015/12/14/crl15-841.abstract

Assessing Research Data Management Practices of Faculty at Carnegie Mellon University

INTRODUCTION

Recent changes to requirements for research data management by federal granting agencies and by other funding institutions have resulted in the emergence of institutional support for these requirements. At CMU, we sought to formalize assessment of research data management practices of researchers at the institution by launching a faculty survey and conducting a number of interviews with researchers.

METHODS

We submitted a survey on research data management practices to a sample of faculty including questions about data production, documentation, management, and sharing practices. The survey was coupled with in-depth interviews with a subset of faculty. We also make estimates of the amount of research data produced by faculty.

RESULTS

Survey and interview results suggest moderate level of awareness of the regulatory environment around research data management. Results also present a clear picture of the types and quantities of data being produced at CMU and how these differ among research domains. Researchers identified a number of services that they would find valuable including assistance with data management planning and backup/storage services. We attempt to estimate the amount of data produced and shared by researchers at CMU.

DISCUSSION

Results suggest that researchers may need and are amenable to assistance with research data management. Our estimates of the amount of data produced and shared have implications for decisions about data storage and preservation.

CONCLUSION

Our survey and interview results have offered significant guidance for building a suite of services for our institution.

URL : Assessing Research Data Management Practices of Faculty at Carnegie Mellon University

DOI : http://doi.org/10.7710/2162-3309.1258

Acceptance and Adoption of Open Access Publication (OAP) in University Libraries in South East Nigeria

This study examines the kinds of open access scholarly publication or information resources accepted and adopted by federal university libraries in South East Nigeria. The purpose was to determine the factors that affect open access scholarly publication or information resources acceptance and adoption in university libraries.

The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Findings revealed that university libraries accepts and adopts open access such as  institutional repository, open journals, subject repository, e-books, personal websites among others with the use of computers, internet facilities and services among others.

Inadequate internet facilities and services were identified as a major factor that affects open access acceptance and adoption in university libraries. The study concluded that open access scholarly communication or information resources are vital tool of solving not only financial problems in libraries in general and university libraries in particular but also enable university libraries to keep pace with information explosion or changing trends in libraries.

Based on this, it recommends that university libraries should ensure that users are provided with adequate and quality open access information resources for there is a need for access and use of information materials in all formats and acceptance and adoption of open access information resources could incite users to quickly access and utilize university library resources to a high extent.

URL : Acceptance and Adoption of Open Access Publication (OAP) in University Libraries in South East Nigeria

Alternative location : http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/27291

Collecting and Describing University-Generated Patents in an Institutional Repository: A Case Study from Rice University

Providing an easy method of browsing a university’s patent output can free up valuable research time for faculty, students, and external researchers. This is especially true for Rice University’s Fondren Library, a USPTO-designated Patent and Trademark Resource Center that serves an academic community widely recognized for cutting edge science and engineering research.

In order to make Rice-generated patents easier to find in the university’s community, a team of technical and public services librarians from Fondren Library devised a method to identify, download, and upload patents to the university’s institutional repository, starting with a backlog of over 300. This article discusses the rationale behind the project, its potential benefits, and challenges as new Rice-generated patents are added to the repository on a monthly basis.

URL : http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/10981