%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Philippe Mongeon, Elise Smith, Bruno Joyal, Vincent Larivière
The rise of the middle author: Investigating collaboration and division of labor in biomedical research using partial alphabetical authorship
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 13 0 R/Annots 14 0 R/Contents 15 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
14 0 obj
[16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R]
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref001)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref002)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref003)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref004)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref005)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref006)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref008)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref009)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref010)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref004)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref011)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref012)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref013)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref014)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref015)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref016)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref017)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref016)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref017)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref018)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref019)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref020)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref014)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref021)>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref022)>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref014)>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref023)>>
endobj
43 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref023)>>
endobj
44 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref024)>>
endobj
45 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref026)>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 47 0 R>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<>
endobj
15 0 obj
[48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R]
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
520.8945 690.9165 m
525.6567 690.9165 l
h
f*
346.6205 677.9339 m
351.326 677.9339 l
h
f*
300.8693 664.8945 m
305.6315 664.8945 l
h
f*
307.8992 664.8945 m
312.6614 664.8945 l
h
f*
282.2173 651.9118 m
286.9795 651.9118 l
h
f*
545.2157 651.9118 m
549.978 651.9118 l
h
f*
555.137 651.9118 m
559.8992 651.9118 l
h
f*
487.6157 638.9291 m
492.378 638.9291 l
h
f*
494.589 638.9291 m
504.1134 638.9291 l
h
f*
476.9575 612.9071 m
481.7197 612.9071 l
h
f*
276.3213 560.9197 m
285.8457 560.9197 l
h
f*
525.6 560.9197 m
535.1244 560.9197 l
h
f*
255.8551 547.937 m
265.3228 547.937 l
h
f*
415.6724 547.937 m
425.1969 547.937 l
h
f*
426.8976 534.8976 m
436.422 534.8976 l
h
f*
226.2047 508.9323 m
235.7291 508.9323 l
h
f*
237.9402 508.9323 m
247.4646 508.9323 l
h
f*
244.8 495.9496 m
254.3244 495.9496 l
h
f*
256.5921 495.9496 m
266.0598 495.9496 l
h
f*
457.115 469.9276 m
466.6394 469.9276 l
h
f*
313.852 417.9402 m
323.3764 417.9402 l
h
f*
456.378 365.8961 m
465.8457 365.8961 l
h
f*
325.5874 339.9307 m
335.1118 339.9307 l
h
f*
356.2583 287.9433 m
365.7827 287.9433 l
h
f*
368.0504 287.9433 m
377.5181 287.9433 l
h
f*
262.9984 248.9386 m
272.5228 248.9386 l
h
f*
274.7339 248.9386 m
284.2583 248.9386 l
h
f*
234.4252 196.8945 m
243.9496 196.8945 l
h
f*
358.2425 81.9213 m
367.7669 81.9213 l
h
f*
372.926 81.9213 m
382.4504 81.9213 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 709.0015 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Introduction)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 691.9937 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(With)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(increasing)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(costs,)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(complexity)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(interdisciplinarity)Tj
7.3814 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(modern)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(science)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(research)Tj
-33.3522 -1.2982 Td
(collaboration)Tj
5.5161 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(become)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(norm)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Scientific)Tj
3.9005 0 Td
(knowledge)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(now)Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(being)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(produced)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(by)Tj
-33.647 -1.3039 Td
(increasingly)Tj
5.0286 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(teams)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(involving)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(researchers)Tj
4.7112 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(disciplines,)Tj
4.6601 0 Td
(institu-)Tj
-33.4542 -1.2983 Td
(tions)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Many)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(funding)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(agencies)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(encourage)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(facilitate)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(collaboration)Tj
5.5162 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
-34.1799 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(funded)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(indeed)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(collaborative)Tj
5.3404 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.778 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(growing)Tj
-32.0993 -1.2982 Td
(body)Tj
2.2166 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(suggests)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(collaborative)Tj
5.3404 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5547 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(impact)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(increas-)Tj
-33.2388 -1.3039 Td
(ingly)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(diverse)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(teams)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(necessary)Tj
4.0195 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(achieve)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(impact)Tj
2.982 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-26.1579 -1.2983 Td
(Larger)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(teams)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(translate)Tj
3.6396 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(larger)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(listed)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(byline)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(scholarly)Tj
3.787 0 Td
(arti-)Tj
-35.24 -1.2983 Td
(cles.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(term)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(`team)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(size')Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(hereafter)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(refer)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(article.)Tj
-34.5314 -1.3039 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(certain)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(cases,)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(hundreds)Tj
4.0365 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(paper;)Tj
2.71 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(phenomenon)Tj
5.5956 0 Td
(coined)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(as)Tj
-33.9815 -1.2983 Td
(`hyperauthorship')Tj
7.2906 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(Larger)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(teams,)Tj
2.778 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5533 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(collaboration)Tj
5.5219 0 Td
(types)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(team)Tj
-34.2933 -1.2982 Td
(composition)Tj
5.244 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(work)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(division)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(team)Tj
2.194 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(greatly)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(complicates)Tj
4.9436 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(attribution)Tj
-32.6265 -1.3039 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(credit)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(responsibility)Tj
5.6126 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.2917 0 Td
(team)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(members)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(issue)Tj
2.1657 0 Td
(since)Tj
-34.9056 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(advancement)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(researchers')Tj
4.9265 0 Td
(careers)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(largely)Tj
2.863 0 Td
(depends)Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(credit)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(obtain)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(their)Tj
-33.7717 -1.2983 Td
(work)Tj
2.279 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(Because)Tj
3.3903 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(so)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(important,)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(conflicts)Tj
3.5829 0 Td
(regarding)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(authorship)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(becoming)Tj
4.184 0 Td
(com-)Tj
-34.0212 -1.2982 Td
(monplace)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(introduce)Tj
4.1158 0 Td
(tensions)Tj
3.5377 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(workplace.)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(growing)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(complexity)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.4838 -1.3039 Td
(credit)Tj
2.5284 0 Td
(attribution)Tj
4.5468 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(potentially)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(detrimental)Tj
4.8812 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(scientific)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(whole,)Tj
2.8347 0 Td
(which)Tj
-33.1141 -1.2983 Td
(works)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(best)Tj
1.8141 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(excellence)Tj
4.2633 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(properly)Tj
3.6284 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(rewarded)Tj
3.9855 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-24.1737 -1.2983 Td
(While)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7823 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(difficult)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(external)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(observer)Tj
3.6396 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(assess)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(respective)Tj
4.184 0 Td
(contributions)Tj
5.6522 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.5802 -1.3039 Td
(individual)Tj
4.2859 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(collaborative)Tj
5.3404 0 Td
(work,)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(byline)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(proxy)Tj
-34.8659 -1.2983 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(extent)Tj
2.6758 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(nature)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(contributions,)Tj
5.879 0 Td
(since)Tj
2.2394 0 Td
(names)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(typically)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(ordered)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(following)Tj
-32.5188 -1.2982 Td
(implicit)Tj
3.3221 0 Td
(disciplinary)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
(norms)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(example,)Tj
3.7701 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6432 0 Td
(field,)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(lab-based)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(dis-)Tj
-36.0904 -1.3039 Td
(ciplines,)Tj
3.4979 0 Td
(authorship)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(importance)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(type)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(contribution)Tj
5.2951 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(as)Tj
-35.6312 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(hierarchical)Tj
4.9379 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(team)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(laboratory.)Tj
4.5808 0 Td
(Generally,)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(position)Tj
-32.927 -1.2983 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(importance.)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(author)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(PhD)Tj
2.0409 0 Td
(student)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(postdoctoral)Tj
5.2157 0 Td
(fellow)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(who)Tj
-35.3704 -1.3039 Td
(contributed)Tj
4.9209 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(research,)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(lab)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(director)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Between)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(last)Tj
-35.977 -1.2983 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(listed)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2075 0 Td
(increasingly)Tj
5.0287 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(`middle)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(authors')Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(typically)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(played)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(less)Tj
-35.5632 -1.2982 Td
(significant)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Another)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(way)Tj
1.7915 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(obtain)Tj
2.778 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.0796 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(individual)Tj
-31.0448 -1.2983 Td
(authors')Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(contributions)Tj
5.6522 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(work)Tj
2.2791 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(contribution)Tj
5.2894 0 Td
(statement)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(scientific)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(jour-)Tj
-35.2287 -1.3039 Td
(nals)Tj
1.8084 0 Td
(\(e.g.,)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(JAMA,)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(BMJ,)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Lancet,)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(NEJM)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(PLoS\))Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(require.)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(statements)Tj
4.4844 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(intended)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.5383 -1.2983 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.074 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.2916 0 Td
(author's)Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(contribution.)Tj
5.5162 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(value)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(limited)Tj
-34.6674 -1.2982 Td
(because)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(reporting)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(biases)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(address)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(type)Tj
1.9163 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(work)Tj
-33.1367 -1.3039 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(author)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5533 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(value)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(importance)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(work.)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(Nonetheless,)Tj
-31.521 -1.2983 Td
(several)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(analyses)Tj
3.4865 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(relation)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(rank)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(byline)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-35.4441 -1.2983 Td
(tributions)Tj
4.1725 0 Td
([e.g.,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
2.126 0 Td
(14)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(confirmed)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(polarization)Tj
5.0286 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(`core')Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(contributors)Tj
5.2044 0 Td
(towards)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.1663 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(list,)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(made)Tj
2.4264 0 Td
(fewer)Tj
2.4094 0 Td
(types)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(contributions)Tj
5.6523 0 Td
(were)Tj
-35.2004 -1.2983 Td
(listed)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(middle.)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(Therefore,)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(divide)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(bylines)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6432 0 Td
(articles)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(into)Tj
-34.9056 -1.2982 Td
(three)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(distinct)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(terminology)Tj
5.1306 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(proposed)Tj
3.9572 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(Baerlocher)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(col-)Tj
-35.189 -1.3039 Td
(leagues)Tj
3.101 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(]:)Tj
-3.101 -1.8992 Td
(1.)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.2018 0 Td
[()2()-9()12()6()16()-20()]TJ
3.4526 0 Td
[()16()14()10( )6(\n)11()5()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(:)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(main)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(contributors)Tj
5.2101 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(experimental)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(work;)Tj
-23.5274 -1.8992 Td
(2.)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.2018 0 Td
[()13()10(\r)4()2()-20()-13()-4()-3(\n)11()-20()]TJ
4.7225 0 Td
[()16()14()10( )6(\n)11()5()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(:)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(senior)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(researchers)Tj
4.7112 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(supervised)Tj
4.456 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(research;)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(and)Tj
-28.3973 -1.8992 Td
(3.)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.2018 0 Td
[()29()4()4()4()4()]TJ
2.9764 0 Td
[()16()14()10( )6(\n)11()5()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(:)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(individuals)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(relatively)Tj
3.838 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(contributions)Tj
5.6466 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(listed)Tj
-34.2707 -1.2983 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(primary)Tj
3.4583 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(supervisory)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(authors.)Tj
-15.0235 -1.8992 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(raises)Tj
2.4378 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(difficult)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(question:)Tj
3.8835 0 Td
(how)Tj
1.9388 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(distinguish)Tj
4.6375 0 Td
(primary,)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(supervisory)Tj
-31.4927 -1.3039 Td
(authors?)Tj
3.6169 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(words,)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(does)Tj
2.0409 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(begin)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(does)Tj
2.0409 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7881 0 Td
(end?)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(Previous)Tj
3.6963 0 Td
(biblio-)Tj
-34.5824 -1.2983 Td
(metric)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(analyses)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6317 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.549 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(26)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(typically)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(avoided)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6668 0 Td
(question)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(defining)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 380.1826 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Collabora)Tj
4.1882 0 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8567 0 Td
(division)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0347 0 Td
(labor)Tj
2.4024 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9779 0 Td
(biomedi)Tj
3.43 0 Td
(cal)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(research)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01846)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(01)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(September)Tj
5.0386 0 Td
(14,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2017)Tj
32.2798 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
0.496 0 Td
(14)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-66.402 84.0904 Td
(Competing)Tj
4.3795 0 Td
(interests)Tj
3.3307 0 Td
(:)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
0.4819 0 Td
(Vincen)Tj
2.5016 0 Td
(t)Tj
0.4819 0 Td
(Larivi)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
[( q)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
(re)Tj
3.3733 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8362 0 Td
(currently)Tj
-15.3851 -1.3748 Td
(a)Tj
0.6448 0 Td
(member)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9497 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.3315 0 Td
(ONE's)Tj
2.4874 0 Td
(Editoria)Tj
2.7851 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4181 0 Td
(Board.)Tj
2.6433 0 Td
(This)Tj
-15.6048 -1.3749 Td
(does)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.4173 0 Td
(alter)Tj
1.8213 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(adherence)Tj
4.0536 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.3315 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(policies)Tj
-15.9308 -1.3748 Td
(on)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(sharing)Tj
2.9834 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.7859 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5945 0 Td
(material)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
69 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
70 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
71 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
72 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
73 0 obj
<>stream
BT
10.4953 79.9659 Td
(s.)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
74 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 13 0 R/Annots 75 0 R/Contents 76 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
75 0 obj
[77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R]
endobj
77 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref027)>>
endobj
78 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref028)>>
endobj
79 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 82 0 R>>
endobj
82 0 obj
<>
endobj
80 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0184601.ref029)>>
endobj
81 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 83 0 R>>
endobj
83 0 obj
<>
endobj
76 0 obj
[84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R]
endobj
84 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
379.8992 654.3496 m
389.4236 654.3496 l
h
f*
475.7102 602.3055 m
485.2346 602.3055 l
h
f*
424.6299 243.0992 m
520.2709 243.0992 l
h
f*
399.3449 94.9039 m
408.8693 94.9039 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(listed)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(position.)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(poorly)Tj
2.8232 0 Td
(reflects)Tj
-33.2104 -1.3039 Td
(reality)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(since)Tj
2.2394 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(allows)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(primary)Tj
3.4583 0 Td
(author)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(supervisory)Tj
4.8416 0 Td
(author.)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.99 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(prob-)Tj
-34.6448 -1.2982 Td
(lematic,)Tj
3.3561 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(collaborative)Tj
5.3405 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(\(especially)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(inter-institutional)Tj
7.3473 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(interdisciplinary)Tj
6.8144 0 Td
(research\))Tj
3.8948 0 Td
(is)Tj
-36.7821 -1.2983 Td
(likely)Tj
2.3527 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(primary)Tj
3.4583 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(leading)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(perhaps)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(experimental)Tj
-30.1944 -1.2983 Td
(work,)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(supervisory)Tj
4.8358 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2428 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(Thus,)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(`first)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(author)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(+)Tj
0.7994 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(authors)Tj
-32.4168 -1.3039 Td
(+)Tj
0.7993 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(author')Tj
3.101 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.744 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(arbitrary)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(division)Tj
3.4243 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2428 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(might)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(unfairly)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(tag)Tj
1.4173 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(middle)Tj
-31.8328 -1.2982 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(some)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(researchers)Tj
4.7111 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(played)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(major)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(roles)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(research.)Tj
-21.0953 -1.2983 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(paper,)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5363 0 Td
(partial)Tj
2.7837 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9832 0 Td
(authorship)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(tool)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(primary,)Tj
3.6794 0 Td
(mid-)Tj
-34.7922 -1.3039 Td
(dle,)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(supervisory)Tj
4.8358 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(team.)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(As)Tj
1.2643 0 Td
(Harriet)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(Zuckerman)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(pointed)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(out,)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(listing)Tj
2.6758 0 Td
(a)Tj
-36.8444 -1.2983 Td
(subset)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2428 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(creates)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(clear)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(distinction)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(listed)Tj
-34.9112 -1.2983 Td
(alphabetically)Tj
5.6805 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(not.)Tj
1.7972 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(instance,)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7767 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(article)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(twenty)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(authors,)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(six)Tj
-36.1131 -1.3039 Td
(main)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(contributors)Tj
5.2044 0 Td
(\(the)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(two\))Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(listed)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(order,)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(while)Tj
-33.8624 -1.2982 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(fifth)Tj
1.8879 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(eighteenth)Tj
4.4221 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4979 0 Td
(are,)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(distinction)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(made;)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(sequence)Tj
3.8607 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.9112 -1.2983 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(byline)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(serves)Tj
2.6136 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(distinguish)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(primary,)Tj
-32.1163 -1.3039 Td
(middle)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(supervisory)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(authors.)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(paper,)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(term)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(`primary)Tj
3.6794 0 Td
(authors')Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(refers)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(those)Tj
-34.7241 -1.2983 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(appearing)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
(before)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9833 0 Td
(sequence,)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(`middle)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(authors')Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(refers)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(listed)Tj
2.3415 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.3308 -1.2982 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(sequence,)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(`supervisory)Tj
5.0627 0 Td
(authors')Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(refers)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(listed)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
-31.4303 -1.2983 Td
(sequence.)Tj
1.1962 -1.3039 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(purpose)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(empirically)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(explore)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(contribution)Tj
5.2894 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(primary)Tj
-32.156 -1.2983 Td
(authors,)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(supervisory)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(articles)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(field.)Tj
-34.3386 -1.2983 Td
(More)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(specifically)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(answers)Tj
3.4073 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9799 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(questions:)Tj
-25.0354 -1.8992 Td
(1.)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(How)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(prevalent)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(alphabetically)Tj
5.6806 0 Td
(ordered)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(research?)Tj
-29.7749 -1.9048 Td
(2.)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(What)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(proportions)Tj
4.9947 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(primary,)Tj
3.6793 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(supervisory)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(articles')Tj
-30.4043 -1.2983 Td
(bylines?)Tj
-1.2018 -1.8992 Td
(3.)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(How)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(overall)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(contribution)Tj
5.295 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(literature)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(evolved)Tj
-31.6968 -1.2982 Td
(over)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.5647 0 Td
(35)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(years?)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 318.2173 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Methods)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
0 -1.5023 Td
(Data)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 283.1811 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(medicine)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(articles)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(published)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(between)Tj
-34.2139 -1.2982 Td
(1980)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(2015,)Tj
2.3527 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(authored)Tj
3.838 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(100)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(individuals,)Tj
4.8698 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(indexed)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(Clarivate)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(Analyt-)Tj
-34.2139 -1.2983 Td
(ics')Tj
1.4853 0 Td
(Web)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Science)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(\(WoS\).)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(Access)Tj
2.8969 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(WoS)Tj
2.1657 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(relational)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(database)Tj
3.6397 0 Td
(format)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(pro-)Tj
-34.333 -1.3039 Td
(vided)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.4684 0 Td
[()-4()7()-3()2()-20()3()22()11(\n)11()12()20()]TJ
5.1817 0 Td
[()4()8()]TJ
1.4343 0 Td
[()-3()1()4()2()6()7()8()]TJ
3.2031 0 Td
[()8()]TJ
0.9128 0 Td
[()4()8()]TJ
1.4343 0 Td
[()11()7()13( )18()6(\n)10()4(\n)2()-8()4()8()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.8869 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(http://www.ost.uqam.ca)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
10.6922 0 Td
(The)Tj
-32.8136 -1.2983 Td
(discipline)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(articles)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(determined)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(NSF)Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(classification)Tj
5.3461 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(journal)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(they)Tj
-35.3874 -1.2982 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(published.)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(Because)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(trends)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(almost)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(identical)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7122 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(disciplines)Tj
-33.2615 -1.2983 Td
(studied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(\(Biomedical)Tj
5.0569 0 Td
(Research)Tj
3.8041 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Clinical)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(Medicine\),)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(combined)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(results)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(pre-)Tj
-34.5484 -1.3039 Td
(sented)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(below.)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(steps:)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(1\))Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(identifying)Tj
-31.1072 -1.2983 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(sequences,)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(2\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(correcting)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(broken)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(sequences,)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(3\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(distinguishing)Tj
5.9187 0 Td
(intentional)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.5859 -1.2982 Td
(incidental)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9832 0 Td
(sequences.)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(proprietary)Tj
4.7508 0 Td
(WoS)Tj
2.1657 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(study,)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(other)Tj
-34.1742 -1.304 Td
(investigations)Tj
5.7202 0 Td
(could)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.473 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(non-proprietary)Tj
6.7067 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(PubMed,)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(also)Tj
-34.4123 -1.2982 Td
(provides)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(extensive)Tj
3.8835 0 Td
(coverage)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(biomedical)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(literature.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 112.9889 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Identifying)Tj
4.7197 0 Td
(middle)Tj
3.1228 0 Td
(authors)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 95.9811 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Waltman)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(detect)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(sequences)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(alpha-)Tj
-34.5994 -1.2982 Td
(betical)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(giving)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(author)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(byline)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(alphabetical)Tj
4.9833 0 Td
(rank)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(name,)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 380.1826 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Collabora)Tj
4.1882 0 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8567 0 Td
(division)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0347 0 Td
(labor)Tj
2.4024 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9779 0 Td
(biomedi)Tj
3.43 0 Td
(cal)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(research)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01846)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(01)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(September)Tj
5.0386 0 Td
(14,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2017)Tj
32.2798 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
85 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
86 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
87 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
88 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
89 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
90 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(14)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
91 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 13 0 R/Annots 95 0 R/Contents 96 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
93 0 obj
<>
endobj
97 0 obj
<>
endobj
98 0 obj
<>stream
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0
11 dict begin
/FontName /TeX_CM_Roman def
/FontType 1 def
/FontBBox {-31 -250 1000 750} readonly def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontInfo 8 dict dup begin
/FullName (TeX_CM_Roman) readonly def
/BaseFontName (TeX_CM_Roman) def
end def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /C0 put
dup 1 /C1 put
dup 2 /C2 put
dup 3 /C3 put
dup 4 /C4 put
dup 5 /C5 put
dup 6 /C6 put
dup 7 /C7 put
dup 8 /C8 put
dup 9 /C9 put
dup 10 /C10 put
dup 11 /C11 put
dup 12 /C12 put
dup 13 /C13 put
dup 14 /C14 put
dup 15 /C15 put
dup 16 /C16 put
dup 17 /C17 put
dup 18 /C18 put
dup 19 /C19 put
dup 20 /C20 put
dup 21 /C21 put
dup 22 /C22 put
dup 23 /C23 put
dup 24 /C24 put
dup 25 /C25 put
dup 26 /C26 put
dup 27 /C27 put
dup 28 /C28 put
dup 29 /C29 put
dup 30 /C30 put
dup 31 /C31 put
dup 32 /space put
dup 33 /exclam put
dup 34 /quotedbl put
dup 35 /numbersign put
dup 36 /dollar put
dup 37 /percent put
dup 38 /ampersand put
dup 39 /quoteright put
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 42 /asterisk put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 44 /comma put
dup 45 /hyphen put
dup 46 /period put
dup 47 /slash put
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 52 /four put
dup 53 /five put
dup 54 /six put
dup 55 /seven put
dup 56 /eight put
dup 57 /nine put
dup 58 /colon put
dup 59 /semicolon put
dup 60 /less put
dup 61 /equal put
dup 62 /greater put
dup 63 /question put
dup 64 /at put
dup 65 /A put
dup 66 /B put
dup 67 /C put
dup 68 /D put
dup 69 /E put
dup 70 /F put
dup 71 /G put
dup 72 /H put
dup 73 /I put
dup 74 /J put
dup 75 /K put
dup 76 /L put
dup 77 /M put
dup 78 /N put
dup 79 /O put
dup 80 /P put
dup 81 /Q put
dup 82 /R put
dup 83 /S put
dup 84 /T put
dup 85 /U put
dup 86 /V put
dup 87 /W put
dup 88 /X put
dup 89 /Y put
dup 90 /Z put
dup 91 /bracketleft put
dup 92 /backslash put
dup 93 /bracketright put
dup 94 /asciicircum put
dup 95 /underscore put
dup 96 /quoteleft put
dup 97 /a put
dup 98 /b put
dup 99 /c put
dup 100 /d put
dup 101 /e put
dup 102 /f put
dup 103 /g put
dup 104 /h put
dup 105 /i put
dup 106 /j put
dup 107 /k put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 111 /o put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 114 /r put
dup 115 /s put
dup 116 /t put
dup 117 /u put
dup 118 /v put
dup 119 /w put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
dup 122 /z put
dup 123 /braceleft put
dup 124 /bar put
dup 125 /braceright put
dup 126 /asciitilde put
dup 127 /Euro put
readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
M#1H5 J6o\&rtS(#v\0\V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6
(efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@
o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤.vA2*Sr 2@Y0}S/8W}efFz~"7Mԗ3T3#mAE=90}c:o|y$)|DKf{(!✱դs'Xt{r6\C~-x{jFҘ{@]##')\}7l"ۂ8c.)a0KcyZ$FX(uØ!{uh\[l^d*BֿAJyPOM lJvNab?$h:`/A[ 88hxtXX*UT<NoR^@z
!cef WE(3ZmC:A~Y&w$ř/LGjq6Sπ4E0rrdyrx˫3JLqT|heT[?bqv\6Kw0ֻ#[[#Fo碜m w#ojsnlϴ=9 Żԕ)~\]G˧Ž9#iiՋToI.9[ڔl6l_vtK"JfKPč+:
Α/ (kw}
>qoF6EQO8Ql68ůĊɻ֕GNKEvw*70Uz7+*t8w͌`уg;5unV#/-VPoWHY+H%5̶bGPgsPU
v
"h$9;Ap52@\_A-0@i:0&"MW\45@27wRItgtEa5 ew#oH}TȒ)HEY$@W`rTmŽ^xlIC' U:* 3?RCG
hk~sA9+cUɅ;eoYyv@54oR
UeYPΚmu[*՛4z3vIk9UBřR29kӧf4ی4o0H?ǚ<._VhZu*`h>S
ao҄Ã(Kh',9s&/b$fGX==s2:=x?B<Ӂ:ͪbJ*EgDEg|s8, 1 4f&raBڶ]٠}$*U"*/y"7.VgS+'Q6h"3$\އ7U9چۯj1}21WH;=|{pb=x@OѢ^[ngoDU'suIҢ!+VCAb2BsSm
x\=Q,pt響m!.;jX2_f;_$䦐>{ןŌR"=@M
k9٦LnQkջy{yg+_CJ;DU.2qKf ]cj[6$i/@f ^$JnY:4*itKD"_U5Zay";4\.a`a=Bhlru M:%_8Rx=mo9ިӍj&q&dWf?K
$r\;7oU'c{apDT=Zţ!.% c/=3tg|}AGd`#oe )hZ#Č4vQnTERz*uhc}(<T~?ԀlifF!W_Qo0>Tc?gߝv|K{&h{Qza
x
2)3jd@"wSt@![*SZ4\z;,ܵ
❦u@HpΒRMroҜq{z
(`wN
PcT(Sݣ\.]ƿ}/xb)7!P3hQRwYBІd|ՔF ֺw"m%r8= (Ah&x|Fz&E{fup&rxyzNt[AqR9M9N#C1cc9w\GCUN!RaoB$e W-U7ޓweaBoֳD(c6֧droG2tʈmV):ƣDa)r8>HrVm" cu40q?$-@;o,ZUHL6$ {%c#lV_.MBa6[+U3D?rfgv,m,۠8?4}ݏşcVRy5NRP_\Wz囔Zf}&5}Hf
ڗrm@0|NL}B婭$=;Ӻ֚Dȷ;NXf9&SR85+&W]
(
ţ8q ZITrM|bd
s娶 u" ]'Q+>@2Yƭ_vh\goܡn<g$wn_` _u\J!!.5^ ϓ/q
-s#+GzKcggh҇*FAV4cOcBGcf)=Bh(CX\@"8O{J
vXgn8nڧML'D/)(tD~/wF+Ќ:/+=z
EE0\a47 =c]c9H5vEYu{[7_G7>;12ч%V3iw\i ejS}K 74E.bo(/@Q-}]8TIռqw=5ѤrXO96z 96$oXIHLg_FeBP$f`>(R6q]htif N}HjV*dMv^?;[:4HFAe@5$۬x"mS~_wOn['[]a5N1&/8yiw; Dm֣@2Ur>xHDAɵFO\[D(ki=|[2Bo)ʽɢ=ȐU;,Э(W]lC!\OV5, aeI+u